The Archaeology Of Cannibalism

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ANTH 103- Term Paper The Archaeology of Cannibalism Cannibalism is seen as one of the last real taboos of modern society. It evokes a mixture of fascination and revulsion all at once. Cannibalism refers to a range of behaviors in which one human consumes another or parts of another for survival, dietary, ritual or pathological reasons. It is not strictly a human trait but is established in a variety of species of mammals, reptiles, insects, and birds. Despite the fact that it is one of the most forbidden behaviors in modern society and is typically seen as an aggressive, barbaric and degrading act, cannibalism is also one of the earliest cultural practices of human beings. There are two types of cannibalism endocannibalism and exocannibalism. Endocannibalism is flesh eating within one’s social group. Seen almost as paying homage to that person. Some believe cultures do it to regenerate life, and take in the deceased’s good qualities and features as a sign of respect. Exocannibalism is flesh eating outside of one’s social group, typically an enemy. This has also been speculated as a way for a person to “ingest” their enemies’ good qualities and skills. Anthropologists debate on both the origins and the continuing existence of the practice of cannibalism, also called anthropophagy from the Greek words anthropos, meaning man and phagein, meaning to eat. An anthropologists names Dr. Spier, wrote: “There is probably no instinctive aversion to eating [human flesh]; the horror shown by civilized, and by man primitive peoples was developed by convention.” In contrast, anthropologist, Dr. Eric Miller, contended: “some additional ideological or emotional stimulus is required to overcome instinctive repugnance to cannibalism and confirm it into a regular practice.” William Arens, in his book The Man-Eating Myth (1979) maintained the idea is so horrific that

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