In other words, the cost of raising fund is the firm’s cost of capital. Estimate a firm’s cost of capital is important because can help conclude required return for capital budgeting projects. Usually, the investor only picks up the project which provides higher return and lower risk on investments. Since the cost of capital is the minimum return required by investors, manager should invest only in projects that generate returns in excess of the cost of capital. Cost of capital can help define the acceptability of investment opportunities.
This method converts net income to net cash from operating activities. When using the indirect method a company must convert net income to net cash by gathering net income and adding or subtracting adjustments, this would give the company the Net cash, without having to go thru detail transactions. . Even though the indirect method may be easier for a company to manage their cash flow, I believe that this method may bring more work in case of an audit. (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010. p 618).
If the external financing is needed they can start with the most secure debts and finish with common stock. Although companies do not always follow the classical theories in deciding capital structure mix we can assume that Unilever’s management decision could be influenced by Pecking Order Theory. Low debt ratio of Rolls-Royce is due to the type of niche business - premium cars and engines for planes. Also Rolls-Royce is a very old company, stable, with many years of activity so it has a high equity because of past profits (retained earnings). "More stable and mature firms typically need less debt to finance growth as its revenues are stable and proven”
Ratios can tell if the business is using its assets appropriately, and if liabilities of the company are well-managed. It shows whether a business can invest in more capital, or if there is room for business growth. It shows whether a business will be able to pay off its debts or their short-term expenses or their daily expenses. It basically shows the strength and weaknesses of the business. It helps for forecasting on making certain financial decisions.
- To be the preferred provider. Strategies to achieve the above mentioned goals: 1) Invest in projects that increase shareholders values : This object is one of the financial goals to invest properly. Marriott used discounted cash flow techniques to evaluate potential investment. It is beneficial because it is considered present time value. Projects which increase shareholder value could be formed with benchmark hurdle rates, the company can ensure a return on projects which results in profitable and competitive advantage.
The importance of an income statement therefore is to help in making an analysis of how the different decisions the business makes affect its level of profitability. The Cash flow Statement. It is a record of the amount of cash flowing in and out of a business over a given time period being examined. The statement is important to a business since it shows the ease by which a business can create an adequate level of liquidity or cash to finance its running operations. It also helps determine the amount of money available at the end of the business’s financial period which may be used for a subsequent period’s investment.
Everything being equal, the WACC of a firm increases as the beta and rate of return on equity increases, as an increase in WACC means a decrease in valuation and a higher risk. A firms WACC is a very important both to the stock market for stock valuation purposes and to the company's management for capital budgeting purposes. In an analysis of a potential investment by the company, investment projects that have an expected return that is greater than the company's WACC will generate additional free cash flow and create positive NPV for stockholders. Since the WACC is the minimum rate of return required, the managers in the company should invest in the projects that generate returns in excess of the WACC. WACC is set by the investors (or markets), not by managers.
2) Volume-Oriented * Sets prices In order to maximize dollar or unit sales volume. This objective sacrifices profit margin In favor of high product turnover. 3) Market Demand * Sets prices In accordance with customer expectations and specific buying situations. This objective is often known as "charging what the market will bear." 4) Market share * Designed to increase or maintain market share regardless of fluctuations in industry sales.
Something else to be considered is that when a company uses money for share repurchases when it could be paying a higher dividend instead, the company’s management is limiting your control and increasing theirs. As a shareholder in a company that makes uses of share repurchases, you have to rely on management’s ability to judge whether it’s an appropriate time to repurchase shares, whereas with your dividend, you have complete control over that choice. The flexibility of dividends for shareholders is great, because if allows you to direct your flow of income to where you think the best investment opportunities are at any given time. Share repurchases lack that
Budgeting is an essential plan that helps a business understand the probable expenditure and income over a specific period. It is a tool to help the business to provide better financial control for expenditure and also to give the business a clearer direction to achieves the goal. Before setting a budget, it usually brings information together and then interprets of the business and follows by strategic plan. The business will base on the economy needs and individual business capability to come out with statistics and plan ahead on projected the amount of money to use at a certain period and the how much profit will estimate earn. It needs to forecast in a realistic figures and attainable goal.