15. What is meant by independent assortment of chromosomes? At what phase of meiosis I or II does this occur? Each pair of alleles segregates independently during meiosis. Or each chromosome of a pair can be individually picked.
3.0 Chromosomal structure provides the key to inheritance The evidence that chromosomes contain hereditary material on genes, which is passed on to successive generations, is important to our understanding of life. It is well known that it is the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that carries the genetic information, and that mutations are caused by changes in DNA structure. Mendel’s laws: Law of segregation Inherited characteristics are controlled by genes that occur in pairs. Each gamete contains one gene from each pair. The offspring therefore will regain a gene pair (one from each parent).
Comparison chart | Meiosis | Mitosis | Definition: | A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. | A process of asexual reproductionin which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in haploid cell | Function: | sexual reproduction | Cellular Reproduction & general growth and repair of the body | Type ofReproduction: | Sexual | Asexual | Occurs in: | Humans, animals, plants, fungi | all organisms | Genetically: | different | identical | Crossing Over: | Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur. | No, crossing over cannot occur.
Where does the protein synthesis process begin? In the nucleus b. What is chromatin? Complex proteins and some RNA c. Define a gene and explain its importance. The hereditary units that controls cellular structure and directs cellular activity.
1.What is the Law of Segregation? The Law of Segregation is members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes. 2. What is the Law of Independent Assortment? The Law of Independent Assortment is each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separated by itself.
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei used mRNA made up of repeating uracil nucleotides in a cell free extract. They obtained amino acid chains consisting of phenylalanine. What did they learn when they asked the question, ”What happens when mRNA made up of only cytosine, alanine, and guanine are placed in a cell free extract?” 10. Explain how the structure of tRNA helps it to deliver the correct amino acid to the corresponding mRNA codon at the ribosome. Sketch the structure of a tRNA molecule, making sure to label the amino acid and the
A. XeF4 B. BF3 C. AsF5 D. CF4 E. NH3 18. Predict the geometry around the central atom in PO43-. A. trigonal planar B. trigonal pyramidal C. tetrahedral D. trigonal bipyramidal E. octahedral 20. Predict the geometry around the central atom in XeO4. A. trigonal planar B. trigonal pyramidal C. tetrahedral D. trigonal bipyramidal E. octahedral 22.
There are two kinds of alleles noticeable in genes: dominant and recessive alleles. A dominant allele will always be expressed in a phenotype. It doesn’t matter whether it is Homozygous or Heterozygous. Recessive alleles on the other hand do not have this same quality. A recessive allele will only be expressed if the genotype is homozygous.
Predict the number of valence electrons for a sulfur atom. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16 e. 32 58. Predict the number of valence electrons for a chlorine atom.
Explain how DNA replicates? What are some characteristics of the structure of DNA? Explain complementary base pairing. 15. Describe in detail the phases of mitosis.