“Both deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA and all types of ribonucleic acid or RNA are involved in the process,” (What Is Protein Synthesis, 2013.) Enzymes in the cell’s nucleus begin the process of protein synthesis by unwinding the needed section of DNA, so that RNA can be made. The RNA forms as a copy of one side of the DNA strand, and is sent to other areas of the cell to aid in the bringing together of different amino acids that form proteins. Protein synthesis is so called because proteins are synthesized through mechanical and chemical processes in the cell. Once the strand of RNA has been made in the nucleus, it is called messenger RNA.
Beginning with this triplet code on the DNA, describe the effect that this change would have on the following: a. The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene. b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed. c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above.
The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene. ACA b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed. UCU c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above. AGA d. The amino acid that would be carried by the tRNA molecule described above.
When a protein is made in a cell, it is called gene expression, for the gene was shown. As the DNA is unwound and unzipped, transcription is occurring. Transcription is the process of going from DNA to mRNA. RNA is half a strand of DNA that uses the base uracil instead of thymine. mRNA is a type of RNA that is formed by putting complementary bases on the unzipped portion of DNA.
Enzymes are formed during transcription. During transcription, DNA unwinds to reveal a gene that codes for the production of an enzyme. A transcript called messenger RNA is produced from the code held in the gene. The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore and binds to a ribosome. The messenger RNA strand is then used to build up a precise sequence of amino acids.
Gizmo Warm-up The Building DNA Gizmo™ allows you to construct a DNA molecule and go through the process of DNA replication. Examine the components that make up a DNA molecule. 1. What are the two DNA components shown in the Gizmo? The DNA components shown in the Gizmo are phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars 2.
A. What is DNA? Answer these questions as you work through this section. What does the abbreviation DNA represent? _________________________________ _________ Where is the DNA located in a cell?
The outer layer acts much like the endoplasmic reticulum; it also has ribosomes attached to it. The inner layer has proteins that can only be found in the nucleus. The inner and outer layers are connected by the complex nuclear pores. Under the inner layer is the nuclear lamina this is made of proteins and helps support the structure of the nucleus. These proteins are related to those in the cytoskeleton.
An enzyme called RNA Polymerase, builds RNA molecules that complement a portion of one of the 2 strands of the DNA helix. Messenger RNA brings the instructions for coding, protein synthesis or transcripts to the Ribosomes via tRNA. . This is where the steps of protein synthesis take place. Translation is when the tRNA bring the amino acids to pair with their codons resulting in protein chains.
DNA is found in the nucleus of every living cell. It’s made of long coiled molecules called Chromosomes. A gene is a short section of DNA. Each gene codes for a specific protein by specifying the order in which amino acids must be joined together. They are instruction manuals for our bodies.