What would you include in a brief summary on the history of the environmental movement? Environmentalist can trace the history of environmental issue back to ancient times where air and water pollution as well as soil conservation were concerns for the ancestors of modern civilization. Places like ancient Rome was infamous for streets filled with sewage. During the Middle Ages, a plague in Europe as well as the use of coal for heating in England warranted concern with public health. As centuries came and went health problems increased.
The World War I had brought America to the forefront of the global outlook. The war time excesses in production transformed into prosperity during the next decade which would watch America seek continued isolation despite the mounting global challenges. The Great War and the resulting Versailles Treaty left Europe in a rather deprived and devastated state where the Europeans continued to seek cultural and economic assistance from their cross-Atlantic neighbors. With new job opportunities, progressive ideas, an air of liberalism had developed around the American continent. This openness and jubilance was most evident in the arts, entertainment and economic sectors of the economy.
history.org, n.d.). The concern over the environment first gained attention in the late 1960 with the creation of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 which required environmental impact statements for most public project and made the government responsible for representing public interest. However, growing concerns about the effects of smog, water pollution, and toxic wastes and their effects on the environment grew as environmentalist proved through biological sciences how closely life processes throughout nature were dependent on one another (Davidson, 2006, p.
The pattern since 1990 is the obverse of the quarter-century between 1960 and the mid 1980s: recent EU consumer and environmental regulations have typically been more stringent and innovative than those of the US (Vogel 2003). There can be no doubt that Kyoto was a watershed mark within this transition. However Vogel maintains that while Europe is now leading the way in environmental and consumer protection issues it will not always be the case. With Vogel’s conclusion in mind I shall examine the merits of this argument by evaluating firstly the history of both European and American environmental policies within the last fifty years and also evaluate whether or not European Environmental policy implementation will head in the same direction as the present American stance. Because consumer protection policies were so important in shaping future environmental policies they shall be quite prominent in my evaluation of both Europe and America in Vogel’s first period.
2): We are unaware of how our fast-paced lives can affect the Earth, which we see as “an essentially stable background” (para. 2); and we think we are too small to impact the Earth, even though each of us is able “to produce our own cloud of carbon dioxide” (para. 2). After contemplating our misreading of the situation, McKibben tells the scientific story of global warming and explains how the term global warming can be misleading. Despite the scientific consensus around the world on global warming, little has happened in the way of change, particularly in the United States.
This booming period of economic expansion was often referred to as the “Roaring Twenties”. Society found new freedoms changing social attitudes. New technologies bought about the new economy. Economic growth was high due to growth in the automobile industry, new technology, and mass production. “Machinery “proclaimed Henry Ford, is the new Messiah.
Warren G. Harding won this election. This era was full of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial. Invention and technology developed more since World War I during this era which shaped people’s lives. An invention like the automobile was brought in during this era. The Roaring Twenties was also called
For example, the sharp increase that took place after World War Two. Increase of birth rates occurred essentially in Western Countries and around the same time. This resulted in an increase in population size which caused a wave of facilities construction in order to accommodate for the new arrival. During the end of World War two,
Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review. A B S T R A C T The complex and dynamic nature of environmental problems requires flexible and transparent decision-making that embraces a diversity of knowledges and values. For this reason, stakeholder participation in environmental decision-making has been increasingly sought and embedded into national and international policy. Although many benefits have been claimed for participation, disillusionment has grown amongst practitioners and stakeholders who have felt let down when these claims are not realised. This review first traces the development of participatory approaches in different disciplinary and geographical contexts, and reviews typologies that can be used to categorise and select participatory methods.