Review Sheet Week 8 Exercise 21.5 Questions 1. Morphology and culturing. Pneumococci are Gram-positive, oval to lancet- shaped cocci that usually occur in pairs or short chains Morphology refers to an organism's structure, form and appearance. Gram stains allow for better viewing of bacterial cell structure 2. Alpha hemolysis 3.
of antibiotic Bacitracin (Reference for all the answers to question 3 = and ) 4. Some antibiotics are referred to as being broad spectrum and some as narrow spectrum. Give a named example of each type of antibiotic and explain what these terms mean. Broad spectrum: An antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of infectious microorganisms which includes both gram positive and gram negative bacteria is called as a
Unknown Lab Report: Enterobacter cloacae Jessica Sainvil Professor Cupido Bio 253L1 Thu 9:30-12:30 Due Date: 12/6/12 Unknown#103 Introduction The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the given #103 was a Gram-negative Rod. The purpose of this lab was to isolate and identify the genus and species of an unknown bacterium. It is important to identify an unknown microorganism because knowing how the bacteria work and how it is structured means knowing how it can affect humans. Unknown bacteria may also be used clinically many pharmaceutical drugs are based on products made by organisms (Katzung, B.G.2004). In order to identify the unknown organism a series of tests were performed.
What kinds of clinical specimens may yield a mixed flora in bacterial cultures? Oral, Skin, or GI specimens 5. When more than one colony type appears in pure culture, what are the most likely sources of extraneous contamination? Individual colonies can be picked up on the inoculating loop, or straight wire and inoculated in to the fresh agar or brother media References Cowan, M. K. (2012). MICROBIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH, THIRD EDITION.
It has about 98% bacteriostatic potency. L-erythro however, has only 2% bacteriostatic potency. What this means is D-erythro is very effective in stopping the synthesis of protein in species of bacteria whereas L-erythro on the other hand is not effective. D-erythro is capable of binding to the 50S subunits of the ribosomes while its enantiomer is not. However, chloramphenicol and its enantiomer can be twice as effective together.
Understand Your Fats and Fiber Samantha Erlitz SCI/241 October 10, 2013 Diana Layne Understand Your Fats and Fiber There are several types of fat, and fat is important to a healthy diet, but in the right quantities. Every gram of fat contains nine calories, regardless of the type of fat you consume. There are also certain fats that are healthier than others and some that are easier to recognize versus hidden fats. “A saturated fatty acid is one in which all the carbons in the fatty acid chain are saturated with hydrogen atoms.” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006) These fats can be most commonly found in animal foods, and dairy products. Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid, and do not contain the hydrogen saturation that the saturated
Refrigeration slows food spoilage because the lower temperature slows binary fission. Under optimal conditions with no limiting factors prokaryotes can grow exponentially. 3. Some bacteria can form endospores in response to harsh environmental conditions. An endospore is a chromosome surrounded by a durable wall that can resist desiccation, freezing and boiling water.
The genus Escherichia is named after Theodor Escherich, who isolated the type species of the genus. Escherichia organisms are gram-negative bacilli that exist singly or in pairs. E coli is facultatively anaerobic with a type of metabolism that is both fermentative and respiratory. They are either nonmotile or motile by peritrichous flagella. E coli is a major facultative inhabitant of the large intestine.
E-Coli 0157 Escherichia coli (E. coli) are gram-negative bacteria that can survive in an environment in the absence or in the presence of atmospheric oxygen (Facultative anaerobes) and, depending on the environment, may or may not produce thin hair-like structures (flagella or pili) that allow the bacteria to move and to attach to human cells. The bacteria commonly habitat in human and animal gastrointestinal tract, water,….. The cell shape is spherical, spiral and plate – rod –shaped ; unicellular and multicellular forms in filaments or aggregates. Oval straight or curved rods, and helical. Reproduction is by binary fission or some groups reproduce by Budding.
There is a non-covalent interaction between four chains. The four heme groups provide four binding sites for oxygen (Marengo; 2006) As described by Max Perutz in 1959, the three dimensional structure of hemoglobin is similar to myoglobin but oxygen affinity in hemoglobin is more than that of myoglobin. Figure 1: Structure of Hemoglobin (http://www.infobiochem.com/2014/12/Hemoglobin-and-its-defects.html) Synthesis: This complex protein molecule is synthesized in series of steps, it begins with synthesis of d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen and then modification of terapyroll ring. The synthesis of heme part involves enzymes of mitochondria and