Effectiveness of Hydroxyurea for the treatment of Sickle Cell Anaemia Problem Sickle-cell disease or sickle cell anaemia is a hereditary blood disorder. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that decreases life expectancy by 25 to 30 years. Patients with sickle cell disease experience both chronic and episodic pain and have a reduced quality of life. Rather than the blood cell being round and flexible, the sickle red blood cells become shaped like a crescent or sickle, hence the name. Sickle cell trait occurred as a natural mutation of the haemoglobin gene.
Hypothesis: If the there is a large amount of ethanol used, then ethanol will destroy the plasma membranes of the cells of beetroots, because if the concentration increases, the membranes will break even more which will result in greater expulsion of beetroot pigments from the cells. Controlling Independent Variables Controlled Variable | WHY it must be controlled | HOW it was controlled | Amount of Ethanol (10mL) | Too much ethanol can destroy plasma membrane of the cells | Using a Beaker to measure the exact mL | Size and type of beetroot (0.5x0.5 cm) | Because results may vary | By using one type and size for
An ischemic stroke is typically caused by excess buildup of plague on the blood vessel walls that narrows blood flow dramatically. A hemorrhagic stroke typically occurs when the blood vessel walls weaken over time, which leads to a bulge or rupture of the vessel. Aneurysm is the most common type of hemorrhagic strokes with a low survival rate. They also kill brain cells, which can never regenerate. The affect of strokes on the body can range between mild dizziness or slight numbness to impaired speech and loss of motor control.
Acute Renal Failure Diagnosis: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Defined: “Acute Renal failure represents a rapid decline in kidney function sufficient to increase blood levels of nitrogenous wastes and impair fluid and electrolyte balance” (Carol Mattson Porth, Glenn Matfin, 2009, pg.855) Pathophysiology: “Acute renal failure is abrupt in onset and often is reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately. It’s caused by Conditions that produce an acute shut down in renal function. ARF can result from decresed blood flow to the kidney (prerenal failure), disorders that disrupt the structures in the kidney (intrinsic or intrarenal failure), or disorders that interfere with the elimination of urine from the kidney (post renal failure).”(Carol Mattson Porth, Glenn Matfin, 2009, pg 855). ARF consequences include HTN, Hyperkalemia, Acidosis, Oliguria (a decrease in urine output less than 400ml/day). These consequences affect all the organ systems in the body.
The Awareness of Sickle Cell and Beta Thalassemia Sickle Cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin in red blood cells. The hemoglobin in people with sickle cell is abnormal (Borgna-Pignatti 101). In order to have sickle cell disease, a person must inherit the disease from both parents. When the red blood cells sickle, they block blood flow throughout blood vessels. Blocked blood flow can cause damage to organs, pain attacks, or death.
That’s only one of the many deformities of Sickle Cell Anemia. With “Sickle Cell Anemia the sickled shaped red blood cells blocks the blood flow in the blood vessels of limbs and organs which causes serious infections and organ damage” (BlackDoctorInc. Page 1).This disease is an inherited disease which is most common in African Americans and people from the Middle East. Sickle Cell Anemia has come a long way from when it was founded in 1910 there is no cure yet but Doctors are finding ways to live day to day with this disease while still looking for a cure. “The disorder we call “Sickle Cell Disease” often abbreviated as SCD, had been present in Africa for at least five thousand years and has been known by many names in many tribal languages.
Physical activity, overweight and obesity, and tobacco use are three of the 10 health indicators that Healthy People 2010 identified as the leading health indicators that reflect the major health concerns in the United States. A stroke is considered an emergency because if not treated within three to four hours, brain damage occurs. About 80% of strokes are caused by blood clots that cut off the brains’ oxygen supply, called ischemic stroke (Osceola Regional Medical Center, 2010). Within minutes, brain cells begin to die after a stroke. The treatment for ischemic stroke is the use of a powerful thrombolytic, unfortunately, the thrombolytic must be given within three hours of stroke symptom
Sickle Cell Disease Pain Management Alexandria Boddie Jacksonville University Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hematologic disorder that is characterized by sickle shaped red blood cells. Sickle cell involves the red blood cells and their ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Normal red blood cells are round in shape and are able to flow easily through the blood vessels, while sickle cell red blood cells are sticky and sickle shaped when they lose their oxygen, making it difficult for them to move through the narrow blood vessels. As a result, they obstruct blood vessels, causing ischemic organ damage and episodes of unpredictable and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) that is sometimes severe. In the
●People from the Indian subcontinent are more susceptible to heart disease not only from small lifestyle issues but mainly genetically passed down from their ancestors. ●Rickets in a bone disease in children that our deficient of vitamin D and iron, this deficiency comes from the pigment in their skin not being able to absorb the vitamin D via the sunlight. Poor diet and poor use of vitamins are also other factors along with the birth mother passing on the deficiency to the unborn child. ●Sickle cell is an inherited disorder affecting the red blood cells which grow abnormally which causes them to distort to a ‘sickle’ shape which clogs the blood vessels causing all sorts of issues with the heart and lungs. Identify a strategy or policy that might help to reduce health inequalities in this area.
Dialysis filters patients’ blood to keep it purified because the kidneys are not functioning properly. “Dialysis survival in the United States after one year is 77 percent, after five years it is 28 percent, and after ten years it is ten percent” (Williams 3). Dialysis survival keeps declining as the years pass. If the organs do not become available after ten years, patients will die. Dialysis is expected to aid kidney transplant patients to stay alive.