P3-Explain patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings M2- Compare sociological explanations for different patterns and trends D1- Evaluate the way patterns and trends in health and illness are measured Researches into health inequalities in the UK were published between 2005 and 2007. The life expectancy between those who live in the less fortunate parts of the country compared to the affluent parts of the country is 11 years. This could be due to the fact that people who are less wealthy than others usually don't get the best treatment when it comes to poor health. Compared to those who can afford private doctors, they will receive the best treatment needed. This is due to social class.
This fact seems to remind us of the continuing importance of social and economic determinants of health. There is a little doubt about the low standards of living and persistence of absolute poverty in the developing world is the key that determines the health in our society. Infant mortality rate is the most used indicator of the general health and well-being of population as a whole. The black report on Inequalities in health care was introduced by the Department of health in the UK by Health Minister, David Ennals in 1977. It wanted to point out why the NHS had failed to reduce social inequalities in health and to investigate the problems.
The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas.
Men & women also have different approaches to diet and obesity, It is expected that by 2030 up to 48% of men and 43% of women will be obese.The life expectancy for men and women are certainly unequal as in 2010 in England the life expectancy of a man is 77.2 whilst the life expectancy for a women is 81.5, whereas in Scotland it is 74.6 and 79.6 for women which is significantly lower than that of England anyway. Location may have a huge impact on health as well as gender as men in the most deprived areas could die 11 years earlier than those who live in more affluent areas, whereas the gap between women is 7.5 years. Although women live longer than men, they suffer from more ill health. Certain groups of women suffer more ill health. Death rates from all cancers has fallen twice as fast for men than women.
Creating awareness that ensures that healthcare insurance that healthcare insurance coverage is easily affordable to this group. This group may also benefit from prevention programs that are community based. Living healthy wellness living is a way to prevent or reduce rate of mortality and morbidity for minority group. References Baldwin, D January 31, 2003. Disparities in Health and Healthcare Satel, S 2007.
The Lifestyle approach Lifestyle factors or behaviour that affects health. 3. The Broad Socio-economic approach Environmental factors such as housing or pollution and workplace factors 4. Social Class Most research has found significant differences in death rates between socio-economic classes Health and ill health are socially patterned with the more affluent members of society living longer and enjoying better health than disadvantaged group Poverty-Income a key factor determining poor or good health A woman living in most deprived area of Glasgow – her life expectancy is 75 years compared to 83.6 years for a woman living in most affluent area of Glasgow General Register Office Scotland http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk A model was developed to try to depict the many factors that determine health Determinants of health Dahlgren & Whitehead 1991 [pic] Made up of different layers of influence that surround an individual-each building on the previous layer AND interacting with each other (Brooker and Waugh, 2007) Student Activity Using the above model and handout from WHO, complete the
D1. Evaluate the influence of government on factors that contribute to the current patterns of health and illness in the UK. Health Status- ‘the level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures’. http://www.definitions.net/definition/health%20status Patterns of ill health- ‘According to Stretch B (2010) people are living longer than ever before’. Stretch B (2010) also states that ‘A child born today is likely to live nine and a half years longer than a child born when the HNS was
Under the President Obama plan, patients will be able to make health care decisions with their doctors, instead of being blocked by insurance company bureaucrats; an official in a government department. The Obama plan requires insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions so all the Americans regardless of their health status or history can get comprehensive benefits at fair and stable premiums. The Obama plan has created a new Small Business Health Tax Credit to help businesses provide affordable health insurance to their employees. The Obama plan has also prevented insurers from overcharging doctors for their malpractice insurance and invests in proven strategies to reduce preventable medical errors.
These methods may help the experts in developing sound strategies when providing treatments to the intended products. Questionnaires, observation, and interviews are the main forms of data collection that may be applied by professionals in the health care industry for testing products before they are injected thus reducing the level of infections received during treatments. Some infections occur due to the fact that professionals in health care are not serious or they become negligence when offering services to patients, (Spector, 2012). These forms of data collection may be used for the purpose of getting the required information before offering services to the products. Physicians and doctors are supposed to do enough observations when handling patients or products in need of injection so as to determine the quality of services they are supposed to be offered.
In the health care sector in the United States, quality improvement is probably one of the most important paradigms to consider in terms of patient health and safety. This is particularly important of ensuring the financial and general well-being of the hospital as well, as inappropriate care could lead to law suits, or at least a very tarnished reputation. Also, this applies to how well your employees are because if the employees are sick there are less people at work and quality of care is reduce. This is the idea is what is most hospital look at for their insurance provider. To accomplish this, the hospital looks at different tools and methodologies that will help the with the quality improvement in the hospital.