Poetry During the Pre Islamic Period

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Poetry changed drastically from the pre-Islamic period to the Umayyad period. During the pre-Islamic period, poetry used to be very expressive. It contained short ideas, was rich in description, had very strong vocabulary and included precise imagery. The sound and rhythm of the poem was very important in that time period. Since pre-Islamic Arabia was an era that ran on oral communication, the sound and rhythm was seen to be crucial as it would be the source of grabbing the attention of the people listening and therefore, spreading a well-written poem around Arabia. The poems also have a specific structure which all poets followed. All poems began with the “Bukā’ ‘alā ‘-l-atlāl”, also known as the amatory prologue, which is the romantic part of the poem. They then proceeded towards the “rahīl”, known as the narration of journey, in which the poet would describe a journey he had encountered. This is the most descriptive and imaginative part of the poem. Lastly, “al-gharad al-ra’isi” known as the central theme. This is the part in which poets get to the point, saying why they wrote the poems, it is the main theme of the poem. There were various themes in pre-Islamic poetry, the main theme was usually ‘Muruwwa’ (which is what men see as the code of conduct that includes bravery, loyalty, etc.). There are various other themes such as praise poetry, eulogies, laments, and so on. The events that occurred during the Umayyad period were a large reason as to why new forms of poetry emerged in that period. After the death of the fourth and last Caliph during the early Islamic period, the Umayyad clan came to power. Mu'awiyah .b abi Sufyan was the fifth elected caliph, who had changed Muslim traditional elections by choosing his own son, Yazid, as his successor. This was the first dynasty to rule the Islamic empire. After Yazid’s succession, a conflict known as the ‘second

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