An anxiety disorder is diagnosed if the persons response is not appropriate for the situation, if the person cannot control the response, or if the anxiety interferes with their normal functioning. Anxiety disorders include post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorders, specific phobias, panic disorders, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Psychotic Disorder - Psychotic disorders involve distorted awareness and thinking. Two of the most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations - the experience of images and sounds that are not real, such as hearing voices and delusions, which are false beliefs that the ill person accepts as true,
* Personality disorders: defined by experiences and behaviours that can differ from the social norm. Individuals diagnosed with a personality disorder may experience difficulties in cognition, emotiveness, interpersonal functioning or control of impulses * Anxiety disorder: excessive feelings of anxiety and fear, where anxiety is worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. * Psychotic disorders: refers to an abnormal condition of the mind, and is the term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". People suffering from psychosis are described as psychotic. * Substance-related disorders: when an individual consumes a substance (drugs, alcohol) in amounts which are harmful to themselves or others.
-Bipolar disorder Bipolar is a mental illness characterised by periods of depression. -Bowel
In a patient with paranoid schizophrenia, they may be suffering with positive symptoms such as command auditory hallucinations of an aggressive nature, increasing the likely risk of becoming violent (Balaratnasingam, 2011). Many different tools are used to formulate a risk assessment. Different services may have different policies and procedures to formulate a risk assessment. Risk assessments are utilised to focus on the patient’s individual needs. Risk assessments are also designed to manage and identify areas of concern, either to the patient or health professional’s involved in the care of the patient.
Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is a disorder that affects mental health and causes major emotional instability. It can lead to other mental as well as behavioral problems. A person with borderline personality disorder usually has a very distorted self-image and often feels worthless. He/she often experiences frequent mood swings, anger, and impulsiveness, which may push people away, even if he wants to have meaningful relationships. Don’t despair if you have this type of personality disorder.
The prodromal phase of schizophrenia is characterized by dysphoria, petulance, transient psychotic symptoms, alogia, anhedonia, gaucheness and social withdrawal. Schizophrenia is caused by multi-factorial elements with the main ones being genetics, in-utero infections (and injury), substance abuse and environmental stressors (such as poverty). Schizophrenia is classified into seven categories: simple schizophrenia, residual type, paranoid type, undifferentiated type, disorganized type, catatonic type and post-schizophrenic depression. The main mechanism for schizophrenia is outlined by the dopamine hypothesis which states that schizophrenia occurs when there is an abnormal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the brain and thus, the positive symptoms (of schizophrenia) appear when the dopaminergic activity within the mesolimbic system is increased, and the
xxxii. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: obsessions are unwanted, intrusive, anxiety-producing thoughts. Compulsions are ritualistic behaviors designed to reduce or control anxiety. Symptoms are feeling excessive or unreasonable, great distress, consuming a long amount of time, and interfering with daily functions. xxxiii.
Disorganized schizophrenia is when their behavior or speech is much unorganized and could cause inappropriate emotion. Catatonic schizophrenia causes one to repeat another ones behavior or speech purposely. Undifferentiated schizophrenia has many and varied symptoms. Residual schizophrenia has withdrawals. Someone can have an identical twin and only one could have schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is of a very severe and alters the way a person thinks and acts. They tend to perceive reality different than most people. Schizophrenia is seen in all cultures, genders and races. The first signs of schizophrenia are irrational or dangerous behavior, deviant behavior, emotional distress, and significant impairment in functioning (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Nevertheless, these disorders are not always characterized disorders that begin during infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache that affects the majority of adults. In this paper I plan on discussing the definition of a tension headache, causes and triggers, muscles involved, treatment and techniques through massage therapy, and at home treatment the client can do for themselves. Tension headaches are usually mild to moderate pain often described as feeling like a tight band around your head. (Mayo, 2011) Also referred to as stress headaches they may appear “episodic” or periodically or “chronic” which is defined as occurring daily. Episodic tension headaches usually begin gradually, and will often occur later in the day.