Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic rod-shaped organism often found in the soil and in sediments of lakes and oceans (4, 5). It prefers a low oxygen environment, and is capable of forming spores that can lay dormant until it finds a proper environment to grow (2). C. botulinum produces seven extremely potent neurotoxins (classified by letters A through G) – but according to the CDC only serotypes A, B, E and F are harmful to humans (2). These toxins enter the bloodstream and are capable of inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction and lead to paralysis and eventually death (5, 7). There are four natural forms of botulism: food borne, infant, wound, and adult intestinal colonization (1).
Then, we performed an f-test and a t-test to determine if there was any germination difference between the treatments. We hypothesized that ammonium nitrate would promote spore germination because past research on Botrychium dissectum revealed that the presence of ammonium on the medium had a positive effect on spore germination (Melan & Whittier 1990). However, in our experiment, the highest germination was observed on the media lacking ammonium nitrate. We calculated a spore germination mean value of 115.83 on the control group compared to 56.33 on the experimental group. We concluded that ammonium nitrate inhibits C. richardii spore germination.
Limonene, the chief component of orange oil, is widely used as a fragrance and flavoring, as well as a cleaning solvent. Limonene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon, is a cyclic monoterpene, a class of natural products biosynthesized by the assembly of isoprene units into various structures. Many terpenes are responsible for the odors of plants like eucalyptus, pine, mint, lavender, rose, and others. Organic chemists use terpenes and other natural products as chiral starting materials for complex chemical syntheses or as inspirations for pharmaceuticals. Some natural products are attractive synthetic targets because of interesting or unusual structural features or medicinal applications.
Clinical microbiology MLT1 Task 9 Antibiotic Sensitivity Chandra Evans A) Selectively Toxic is defined by the fact that the antimicrobial treatment used, destroys selective microorganisms, but doesn’t harm the host. Selective toxicity of an agent is necessary so that during treatment the agent will not affect or interact with the normal functioning microorganisms in the host. The agent will interact with microbial structures and functions that are not the same as the microbial structures of the host. B) Broad spectrum antimicrobials are effective against a large range of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms A pro of this type of agent is the fact that a variety of bacteria is targeted at the same time when used. A con is the higher risk of destruction of normal body flora.
It is not combustible, but it speeds up the combustion of other substances because it is an oxidizing agent. It can react with combustible materials and emit toxic fumes. It is used in paint and ink pigments, as a wood preservative, or a corrosive inhibitor. It is a carcinogen to humans. Product A- Silver Chromate(s)~Ag2CrO4 Silver Chromate is a reddish-brown crystalline substance.
This particular insecticide has a 90% success rate for keeping the mosquito population from expanding. While the use of Malathion has drawbacks, it is important that the citizens of Genericville are protected. Residents will be advised of all the pros and cons of using Malathion. Malathion has been successfully used on golf courses and other garden-like settings as well as being used to eradicate fleas and lice on humans with no obvious adverse effects other than slight burning or stinging, dry hair or perhaps a temporary increase in dandruff. These side effects, while perhaps annoying or inconvenient, are nothing compared to the effects of West Nile Virus.
Because of the impure quality of the agent, it is said to have an odor similar to that of mustard, garlic, or horseradish. When the mustard agent is in pure form, it is both odorless and colorless. Since mustard is a vesicant or blister agent, it can cause severe blistering of the skin, tissue damage, and if inhaled damage to the lungs and other vital organs. Mustard gas also attacks a cell’s DNA, so it can cause cancer and birth defects. In addition, mustard also damages the eyes and airways by topical contact and the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow after absorption.
When plants are cut they release a chemical called catechol and an enzyme called catechol oxidase. The enzyme converts catechol to benzoquinone which is toxic to bacteria. Benzoquinone is intended to prevent microbe invasion. It is this chemical that gives plants a brown color. The citric acid in lemon juice denatures the catechol oxidase, rendering it ineffective.
In one placebo-controlled study, azithromycin therapy was associated with more rapid decrease in size of infected lymph nodes. The majority of cases of cat-scratch disease occurring in normal hosts do not require anti-infective therapy for resolution of infection. So my word of advice to help lower your risk of being
Aim The aim of my experiment is to investigate the response of woodlouse to dark /light conditions. Independent variable The things that I will be changing in this experiment are the light/dark conditions within the choice chamber. Dependent variable The dependent variable is the reaction to the change in light conditions and where the mealworms are every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. Constants The things that I have chosen to keep the same are the temperature of each chamber, the number of mealworm, light intensity and relative humidity. Measurements/observation In my experiment I will be observe the mealworm behavior for 5 minutes, there I can see how they goanna response.