Refrigeration slows food spoilage because the lower temperature slows binary fission. Under optimal conditions with no limiting factors prokaryotes can grow exponentially. 3. Some bacteria can form endospores in response to harsh environmental conditions. An endospore is a chromosome surrounded by a durable wall that can resist desiccation, freezing and boiling water.
Unit 265 Causes and spread of infection. Outcome 1 Understand the causes of infection Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria are a living organism that is found almost everywhere, in soil, water and even in the human body. Not all bacteria are harmful, and some bacteria that live in your body are helpful. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus — a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines — helps you digest food, destroys some disease-causing organisms and provides nutrients.
They are found naturally in humans, as well as plants and animals. Bacteria multiply by themselves to spread. Bacteria rapidly reproduce and make toxins that kill or damage cells. They differ from viruses, fungi and parasites because they do not always cause harm, sometimes they can be beneficial. In fact only 1% of bacteria are harmful.
They are ten to 100 times larger than viruses. A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. They infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and Achaea. All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; all have a protein coat that protects these genes; and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell.
Fiber, also known as roughage, contains many properties that aid our digestion tract, and allow us to process waste products more efficiently. According to Nutrition.gov (2013) fiber can be found in many of our favorite foods including whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. There are two types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibers dissolve in water, and when digested, “form viscous solutions in the intestines” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006). “Fibers that cannot be digested by bacteria in the large intestines are called insoluble fibers because they do not dissolve in water.” (Grosvenor & Smolin, 2006) High fiber diets can produce many benefits, including higher nutrient absorption levels, and better waste output.
1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria: A bacteria is a single celled organism, they are either a parasite or live independently. Bacteria have three basic shapes. Antibiotics can usually kill them; A few examples of bacteria could be meningitis, Ear infections, and conjunctivitis. Fungi :A Fungus is a spore producing organism and can live as a single celled yeast or as a larger multi-cellular mould.
Outcome 1 Understand the cause of infection 1.Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria Bacteria is a single celled organism, bacteria have evolved to thrive in almost any environment and can be found in almost any substance/surface and also in the human body, only 1% of bacteria is actually harmful. It's bad or infectious bacteria that cause illness as they rapidly reproduce and produce a toxin that kills or mutates cells, bacteria is also self sufficient. Viruses A virus is a small capsule that contains DNA or RNA, viruses, unlike bacteria are not self sufficient and need a host in order to reproduce I.E a human body. When a virus enters the body, it enters some certain cells and takes over making the now host cell make the parts the virus needs to reproduce, the cells are eventually destroyed through this process.
Andrew Hodgkiss Unit 22 Information sourced from various sites on the Internet. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites: The first bacteria a usual size is but a few micrometers in length shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are present in most of the Earths habitats such as soil, water, acidic hot springs and radioactive waste also, found in/on animals and plants. Some bacteria are beneficial to human existence others can be fatal in developed countries antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Viruses are small infectious agents that replicate only inside the living cells of other organisms, Viruses infect all types of life forms from animals, plants and bacteria.
Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Answer: Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell microorganisms which generally exist in large numbers and are microscopic in size. Bacteria can be either beneficial (bacteria in the intestinal tract aid digestion and are part of the normal body flora) or can be the cause of disease (for example pneumonia, food poisoning or bacterial meningitis). Viruses A virus is an infectious agent which can only live and replicate inside organism cells. The main difference between viruses and bacteria is that they are unable to reproduce in food – they need a living host cell to replicate. They replicate by infecting and taking over the functions of the host cell.
Serving sizes are standardized to make it easier to compare similar foods; they are provided in familiar units, such as cups or pieces, followed by the metric amount, e.g., the number of grams. The second key fact is the calories (calories from fat) contained in the item. Calories give a measure of how much energy one gets from a serving of that particular food. The third and fourth facts on a food label are the nutrients, both good and bad. The first nutrients listed are the ones that Americans typically get enough, or too much of.