"Anarchism is closer to liberalism than it is socialism" Discuss. [45] To establish whether anarchism is more similar to either liberalism or socialism we must understand the extent to which these ideologies share core beliefs and values. Anarchism has been defined by a strong belief in anti-statism, derived from a negative principle of authority, as well as a belief in both personal and economic freedom. There is undoubtedly a degree of overlap between these and core liberal and socialist beliefs. Anarchism can, therefore, be said to occupy a middle ground wherein both socialism and liberalism reach their anti-statist conclusions.
In the context of Marx’s writings, scholars speak of two Marx: the young and the old. While the old Marx was more deterministic with his in-depth study of the workings of capitalism, the young Marx was concerned with alienation, human nature and morality. However, there is disagreement to when Marx's thought began to mature, and the problem of the idea of a "Young Marx" is the problem of tracking the development of Marx's works and of its possible unity. The problem thus centers on Marx's transition from philosophy to economics. This essay will focus on the works of Marx prior to 1846 specifically on the dominant theme of alienation and freedom.
Assess the usefulness of Postmodernism to our understanding of society today Postmodernism is a major intellectual movement that we are living in a new era of post modernity. There is an ongoing debate in sociology as to whether society has moved from modernity to post modernity. Modern society first emerged in Western Europe. Capitalism was established what is based on private ownership and of the means of production and the use of wage labourers. Capitalism brought about the industrialisation of modern society, this idea is favoured by Marxists but postmodernists argue that society is not as simple as this.
Old Labour, the traditional socialist representation of the labour party, presented many socialist views, such as cradle-to-grave welfare and social justice. They also opposed such views as a free-market economy, much preferring to regulate and set quotas for it. Old Labour was the standing of the Labour Party since their founding in the early 20th century. Since then, the party has undertaken a radical change, through the conception of Neil Kinnock and the branding of Tony Blair, to become the centre-left party that we’ve come to know as New Labour. New Labour govern with a pragmatic stance, concentrating on making practical decisions that influence the UK, as oppose to Old Labour who were ideological, and looked at the best ways in which to manage society and react to current events.
In the process, the optimism of the independence era gave way to an intellectual reformulation that saw North and South -- industrial and developing countries -- as permanent antagonists. The political struggle for independence was transmuted into a continuing struggle against what was variously described as "economic imperialism" and "neo-imperialism" -- and, particularly, against the multinational corporation. Indeed "exploitation" became the fashionable way to view relations between developed and developing nations. Karl Marx had not said much about the developing world, and what he had said was quite ambiguous. He saw capitalism as a necessary improvement on the "Asiatic mode of production."
It is not just a manipulative ploy to appropriate surplus value, but a regime in the truest sense of the term.. It is not concerned with the radical distribution of wealth articulated by: New York Stock Exchange, imf, world bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP Neo-Liberal Cosmology: Americans believed in a kind of imaginary equality even in the face of glaring inequalitites/ belief in individuality taken from an abstract humanity Tocqueville came along: industrial capitalism in the United States carried the seeds of a new class-based aristocracy; The central moral question of American liberalism became about how to protect the individual’s autonomy and choice from the encroachment of others, which would require dismantling class distinctions through redistributive mechanisms. The rightest wing tried to come up with solutions
Functionalism developed from the ideas of theories such as Emile Durkheim and Herbert Spencer, but had its roots traced as far back as the father of sociology, August Comte. Marxism however, suggests that society is characterized by inequality is responsible for conflict and social change. Marxism was coined by Karl Marx who work focused on the increasing industrialization and the economic system of capitalism and the implications on the society. These theories have little similarities, so much so they often contradict each other. One similarity is that both theories are macro theories and the focus on both theories studies the society as a whole in a large scale manner however they both view society as a whole in different lights.
Sideline View: Liberal Economies, Democracies, and Markets “A Liberal society is endemically restless.” This is an extremely broad statement but, placed within the context of Martin Wolf’s conceptual analysis of Globalization; it is the foundation of liberal economic thinking. This type of thinking, Wolf argues, is responsible for establishing a practical, rational, and free society (Wolf, p.25). These characteristics of Western culture enabled colonial dominance throughout the non-European world, fueled industrialization, and heavily contributed to the modern scientific innovations (Wolf, p.25). In order to fully grasp the complexity of not only his argument but, the situation as a whole; one must be willing to unpack all preconceived notions of significant historical events and their pertaining discourses. It is necessary to go outside the commonsensical box of accepted socially engineered thinking to reconstruct an ideology that reflects a well-cultured thinking process.
as not only a source of raw materials and slaves, but a market for manufactured goods. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the Industrial nations were exporting not only goods but capital in the form of machinery, technology, investment and loans. This Capitalist Imperialism differs from the earlier forms in the way it systematically accumulates capital through the organised exploitation of labour and the penetration of overseas markets. John A. Hobson has given a thesis as to the reasons why this has occurred, I will use this essay to explain the theory in detail by analyzing its three aspects. Then I will use the second part of the essay to examine the weaknesses and strengths to his theory.
China, and even Australia are multi0ethnic entities. Everywhere except Europe, we see that the form of the nation is being evolved out. We are outgrowing this historical artefact of tribal nationalism almost everywhere, as Marx predicted would happen, multinational capitalism is growing and it’s contradictions are growing along with it. In Europe we see the attempt to apply to braks to this development by those like the rightists and neo-fascist who want to cling on to reaction and obscure, outmoded forms and ideas. They seem to be like latter day Chateaubriands and hopelfully the monarchs will not face the same fate as Louis Philippe.