e Disease Name Legionnaires Disease Causative Agent The causative agent for the Legionnaires Disease is the bacteria called Legionella. These bacteria are naturally found in the environment, most especially in water. The bacteria grow best in warm water. Sometimes it can be found in cooling towers, hot tubs, hot water tanks, large plumbing systems, or even parts of some air – conditioning systems of large buildings. However, these bacteria do not grow in the air – conditioners in cars or windows (Centers for Disease Control, 2011).
The air quality on the shoreline of Lake Huron is the worst in the south Ontario area. (Sivers, A, n.d) Sediment loading is known to high levels of deferred solids being washed into creeks and rivers and carried down into the lake. (Sivers, A, n.d) Sediment loading can also be caused by dredging which can cause a decrease in food source for the aquatic life. With having foreign vessels follow in and out of the lake from the Atlantic is also causing problems. With the vessels having foreign aquatic life attached to the bottom of the ship and also leaking fluids into the lake while passing through.
C228 Community Health Task 2 Michelle Wall Meningococcal disease is a disease that can be found worldwide. Meningococcal disease refers to any disease or illness that is caused by the type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitides, also called meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, 2015). The first documented outbreak was over two hundred years ago in Geneva in 1805 which circulated rapidly and killed thirty three people. The first case ever recorded in America was in 1806 in Medford, Massachusetts (Fredericks, n.d.). A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease.
Chrohn’s disease can appear at any age, but is most dangerous in adults in their 20’s and 30’s. Approximately 30% of people with this disease develop symptoms before 20 year of age. In the United States, about 100,000 teens and preteens have Crohn’s Disease.Crohn’s Disease is also called Inflammatory Bowel Disease, or IBD. It can occur anywhere in the digestive Tract, from mouth to anus.There are times when the symptoms reappear or get worst and other periods when symptoms get better or go away altogether. While Crohn’s disease causes many problems for people of all age, it presents special challenges for children and teens.
It can often prove to be fatal. Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by a bacteria found in tainted water or food. It can kill within weeks through dehydration, but is treatable if caught in time. The spread started 3 years ago in Haiti and entered to Mexico through a hurricane and tropical storm which caused heavy rains, floods, landslides and internal displacement of populations, thus increasing the risk of diarrheal diseases. 171 affected cases, 1 dead were reported in Mexico.
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include upset stomach, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. Food-borne diseases are constantly changing due to microorganisms evolving to adapt to its environment, food production practice changing, and newly microbes are being discovered that were unrecognized before. The most common food-borne diseases that occur in fast food production are Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli 0157:H7, which occur when meat is eaten that is not fully cooked or is contaminated by the viruses. A food-borne disease known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, also known as Mad Cow Disease is the most common virus caused by ranchers. The human form of the disease is known as new variant Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease.
The first description of Ulcerative Colitis was made by an Englishman named Wilks in 1859. It is an uncommon condition and 10 new cases are made every year per 100,000 people. It is estimated that currently 100,000 people in England suffer from this condition. The condition can affect any age group but normally peaks itself between the age of 15 and 30. It is more common among white people of European descent particularly descendants of Ashkenazi Jewish community (Jews who lived in Eastern Europe and Russia) and black people.
The initial symptoms, of headache, weakness, and coughing with hemoptysis, are indistinguishable from other respiratory illnesses. Without diagnosis and treatment, the infection can be fatal in one to six days; mortality in untreated cases may be as high as 95 percent (Center for Disease Control). The earliest account describing a possible plague epidemic is found in I Samuel 5:6 of the Hebrew Bible. In this account, the Philistines of Ashdod were stricken with a plague for the crime of stealing the Ark of the Covenant from the Children of Israel. These events have been dated to approximately the second half
Furthermore, such hypoxic events are particularly common in marine coastal environments surrounding large, nutrient-rich rivers (e.g., Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico; Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay) and have been shown to affect more than 245,000 square kilometers in over 400 near-shore systems (Diaz & Rosenberg 2008). Hypoxia and anoxia as a result of eutrophication continue to threaten lucrative commercial and recreational fisheries worldwide. Figure 3 Helisoma trivolvis (left) and Physa acuta (right) are two of the most common freshwater snails in North America. Both species use chemical cues to detect predators such as molluscivorous fish and typically respond by hiding under rocks and logs or in shallow water. © 2013 Nature
To purify polluted water we may use different type of methods according to the pollutants entered in the water. Chemical disinfection of water is one of the most important methods in the process of purifying water; this method can kill lots of pathogens that exist in the polluted water by killing them. http://www.informaction.org/images/graph_ocean-pollutants.jpg Fig 1 Water is made up of two hydrogen’s and one oxygen. Most part of the earth is water that means three fourth of the earth is made up of water but the problem is most of it is not suitable for drinking. https://qed.princeton.edu/getfile.php?f=Water_Pollution_since_the_1960s.jpg Fig 2 water pollution world wide In 1854 the British scientist John Snow discovered that cholera disease was caused by the contamination of water, he also showed that chlorine can be used to disinfect contaminated water to prevent such kind of diseases.