These runoffs have contributed to the beach closures, and the unsustainable condition of biological life in the lake. Human health is at great risk due to the untreated waste that is dumped in Lake Huron each year. The untreated sewage contains many viruses, two being Giardia (an intestinal parasite), cryptosporidium, which causes intestinal illnesses and even death. E. coli a more familiar virus has elevated its concentrations in Lake Huron, found in either animal or human feces, which causes diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps. ("Testing the waters,"
The droughts and increased heat has had negative impacts on local aquatic invertebrates. Aquatic invertebrates are adapted to survive in a particular range of temperature and habitat. But global warming makes it harder to survive. This could lead to the extinction of several species of aquatic invertebrates which in turn would lead to serious consequences of the ecosystem. Many of the aquatic invertebrates are responsible for keeping the ecosystem clean by feeding on litters.
Red is the endangered areas In image 2, the most endangered reefs are in areas that are considered “Third World”, where populations have limited access to education. The people here are concerned mostly with putting food on the table now, later can wait for another day. There is a problem with reef systems today that directly comes from people who probably did not know that they were causing it. Runoff from sewers, especially untreated sewage kills corals by: * Suffocating corals and zooxantheallae by covering them with sludge and cutting off
Areas around the world known as “Dead Zones” are being reported as “areas so low in oxygen that fish and other sea life cannot survive (Oceans Where Fish Choke. November 30, 2010).” These areas are accosted with highly populated coastal areas that are being overfished and have rich nutrient run off coming from land causing massive decline in phytoplankton. Biological Oceanographers worldwide study dead fish that continue to surface on shore by searching for a solution to the problem. Many believe the zones are created due to climate change; however, it is more logical that the constant drain off of the high nutrients is feeding the dilemma. Low oxygen levels increase stress on fish.
One con is that there will be many jobs at the mine, but just not nearly as many jobs that Bristol Bay employs in the salmon industry. Another, and possibly the biggest, disadvantage of building the Pebble Mine is the negative effect on the environment in Bristol Bay. Although the company managing this says that there will be a bad affect on the environment, history tells us otherwise. We can look at the Mount Polley gold mine disaster. In this environmental disaster, 10 cubic meters of water and 4.5 million cubic meters of potentially toxic slurry were spilled into virtually untouched forest, lakes and rivers.
Firstly, the Everglades are an important ecosystem which reduces flooding and replenish aquifers but human actions are having a huge impact on the landscape. The rapid urban and agricultural development in the area has decreased the size of the wetlands dramatically which affects the organisms found there. This is especially important as it is home to several endangered species. Not only that, but invasive species that threaten existing wildlife by preying on or competing with them. According to Everglades.org, they’ve “contributed to nearly 70 percent of extinctions in the United States” and are the “primary cause of species endangerment.” The water itself is a major cause of decline to the area, firstly because of poor water management leading to water levels being too low or too high at the wrong times has caused a decline in many species.
Another item pointed to pesticides, fertilizers and road salt as additional contributors to the pollution problem. And even further a New York Times article spoke about the algae blooms resulting from phosphate pollution. The lake has experienced a decline in its fish production attributed to the “dead zone” resulting from algae blooms. Further, the fish caught have ingested plastic and plastic the article argues attracts chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) a contaminant said to affect the endocrine system. This
When we contaminate our lakes and fresh water sources, comparatively the Great Lakes, we are tarnishing our own drinking water and all living organisms within its community. Pollutants are having a largely negative effect on the ecosystems within the Great Lakes
This limits aquatic life, which reduces the supply of fish. Current policies are primarily aimed at reducing waste disposal into rivers and reduction of nitrogen and phosphorous use. These policies are subject to various issues such as increased food prices and complexity in the understanding of the true relationship between algae and nutrients. Therefore, the policies have not been effective. It is important to research on ways of controlling draught and limiting algae growth because it will mitigate further expansion of the Gulf of Dead Zone.
It has to be considered the negative correlation between the levels of salt stress and crop growth rate. Reduced plant growth is also caused by stomatal closure involved in the decline in photosynthesis and limited CO2 uptake. The response to salinity consists of numerous processes that must function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyperosmolarity and ion disequilibrium (Hasegawa et al., 2000). Plants have evolved mainly four strategies to fetch tolerance under high salinity; i) ion homeostasis; ii) osmolyte biosynthesis; iii) transcriptional factor and salt related genes regulation; iv) hormonal regulation (Vaibhav and Gothandam,