Jan Tschichold Essay

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Jan Tschichold (1902-19740), born on 2 April 1902 Leipzig, Germany was a typographer, book designer, teacher and writer. He was the son of a local signwriter. His artisan background and calligraphic training set him apart from almost all other typographers of the time, since they had certainly trained in architecture or the fine arts. Tschichold preferred using stock fonts on a careful choice from commercial paper stocks, unlike many typographers who worked with handmade papers and custom fonts. After Tschichold took up a teaching post in Munich at the request of Paul Renner, both he and Tschichold were criticized as "cultural Bolshevists". In March 1933, when the Nazis of Germany were given power, Tschichold and his wife were arrested. During the arrest, Soviet posters were found in his flat, putting him under the spotlight of suspicion of collaboration with communists, which was intolerable during Hitler's time. Production of Tschichold's books was stopped "for the protection of the German people". After a while he escaped to Switzerland, where he died in the hospital at Locarno in 1974. Tschichold switched to Modernist design principles in 1923. He became a leading advocate first with an influential 1925 magazine supplement; then a 1927 personal exhibition; then with his most famous work Die neue Typographie, a manifesto of modern design, in which he condemned all typefaces but sans-serif (called Grotesk in Germany). He favored non-centered design and set many other several Modernist design rules. He advocated the use of standardized paper sizes concerning all printed matter, and made the first understandable explanations of how the use of different sizes and weights of type is effective in conveying information quickly and easily. This book was followed with a series of practical manuals on the principles of Modernist typography which had a wide influence on

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