The strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction determines whether a substance will be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. It also determines the physical properties of a solid and liquids such as boiling point, surface tension, viscosity, and rate of evaporation. The two main intermolecular forces we dealt with are Hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces. Procedure The digital thermometer was wrapped at the end with a piece of filter paper and secured with a rubber band. The thermometer was hanged from a test tube clamp on the ring stand.
Because water is always in the piping, the fire sprinkler system is always ready to go. If a fire breaks out, the air temperature above the fire rises and the sprinkler activates when the air temperatures gets high enough. The sprinkler sprays water forcefully over the flames, extinguishing them completely in most cases, or at least controlling the heat and limited the development of toxic smoke until the fire department arrives. Only the sprinkler(s) nearest the fire activate, smoke will not activate sprinklers. (2) The wet-pipe fire sprinkler system reduced civilian fire deaths by 83% and reduced direct property damage per fire by 69%.
A two-way catalytic converter has similar functions. A two-way catalytic converter eliminates the first task of decomposing nitrogen oxide, resulting in a more harmful emission. There are many negative aspects to catalytic converters. A main controversy of a catalytic converter is that it only works at very high temperatures. For the first few minutes when a car is started or warming up, toxic chemicals
Humans pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere burn everyday by burning using excessive energy, fossil flue and even by simply breathing we are releasing more and more carbon dioxide. Who are the winners and losers among marine organisms in a more acidic ocean? There are some creatures in the world ocean that may benefit from the higher amount of carbonic acid such as photosynthetic algae and sea grass. Much like plants, both of these organisms breathe in carbon dioxide in order to live. However, there is a larger list of organisms that do not benefit from the carbonic acid in the world ocean.
Other reactions can occur two ways and are known as reversible reactions. An example of such reactions is the hydrolysis of hydrochloric acid in water to form hydrogen ions and chloride ions. If irreversible reactions are left alone for a time long enough, a balance between all chemicals will occur. Reversible reactions establish a dynamic equilibrium. The proportion of chemicals in dynamic equilibrium does not change while the system continues to run.
I will then sum up this essay with some recommendations on how we can attenuate if not eliminate and slow down the process of Ocean Pollution. Pollution of the world’s ocean is accelerating rapidly. The effects of this pollution are troubling to our planet Earth. (“Ocean Pollution,” 2002) Unfortunately the pollution in our oceans is a result of human negligence. Toxic waste, poisonous materials such as mercury, dioxin, PCBs, PAHs, and radioactive materials are being released onto our ocean floors causing contamination amongst the plants and animals whom live there.
Many steps could have been taken to avoid such a major disaster. The packaging, transporting, and storing of the ammonium nitrate would be the first step in avoiding the whole thing entirely. The ammonium nitrate was stored in high temperatures that caused it to chemically react with itself and the paper
Companies may try to make a legal issue out of Hydraulic fracturing as well as the general public. If large bodies of water are polluted by fracturing it could cause harm to the marine life. Also if drinking water is polluted by fracturing it could cause the general public health problems. Fracturing may cause pollution within the air, which in turn causes problems within the Ozone Layer. Water is brought to the fracturing site and mixed with sand and chemicals to create over 40,000 gallons of chemicals.
The water holds up the oil just as it would support the rubber duck. Meanwhile, the oil from a spill would cause short term effects such as: 1) Covering the organisms that live on oceanfront with oil. 2) The oil would vaporize into the air to become aerosol gas that will damage the ozone layer. 3) The oil would break into minor particles in the water and consumed by those smaller aquatic life such as zooplanktons and small fishes. This may causes a breakdown in the food chain.
This is achieved by using high pressures and temperatures without a catalyst, or lower temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. The source of the large hydrocarbon molecules is often the naphtha fraction or the gas oil fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil (petroleum). These fractions are obtained from the distillation process as liquids, but are re-vaporised before cracking. There isn't any single unique reaction happening in the cracker. The hydrocarbon molecules are broken up in a fairly random way to produce mixtures of smaller hydrocarbons, some of which have carbon-carbon double bonds.