Catalytic converters What Is a Catalytic Converter? The catalytic converter is a device located in the exhaust system of all modern motor vehicles. It is an important device in the exhaust gas de-pollution process, which reduces harmful environmental exhaust emissions of motor vehicle’s combustion cycle by-products. Its function is to chemically change harmful pollutants that the engine has combusted in the process of its various starting, driving, power and idle conditions. A device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, containing a catalyst for converting pollutant gases into less harmful ones.
There are advantages and disadvantages to their use as fuels. Fuels can come from renewable or non-renewable resources. Subject Content Candidates should use their skills, knowledge and understanding to: ■ evaluate the impact on the environment of burning hydrocarbon fuels Additional guidance: Knowledge and understanding of the products of burning hydrocarbon fuels and the effects of these products is limited to those named in the subject content for this section. Candidates may be given information and data about other fuels and their products of combustion for comparison and evaluation in the examinations. Candidates should know and understand the benefits and disadvantages of ethanol and hydrogen as fuels in terms of: ■ ■ ■ ■ consider and evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of the uses of fuels 3
PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY ASSESSMENT TASK 1. Identify the sources of pollution which accompany the combustion of organic compounds and explain how these can be avoided. Combustion refers to the burning of a substance in oxygen. It is a process in which a self-sustained chemical reaction occurs at temperatures above those of the surroundings. Combustion of organic compounds can result in detrimental impacts on the environment such as the generation of acids and production of carbon monoxide, particulates and soot.
In this experiment, the amount of energy (heat) involved in a chemical change will be determined. When alcohol burns it produces carbon dioxide and water as products. Energy is also released in the reaction. The alcohols that will be used are, methanol CH3OH, ethanol CH3CH2OH, propanol CH3(CH)2OH, butanol C4H9OH, octanol C8H18O, and paraffin wax C25H52. The heat obtained when a known mass of alcohol or paraffin wax burns will be used to warm a measured volume of water.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers expel a cold fog of CO2 that cuts a fire off from its air supply. Dry chemical extinguishers spray a fine power that coats fuel and cuts it off from air. Foam is applied to blanket large pools of burning liquid to cut off air. You've seen foam being applied to limit or extinguish fires involving burning fuel in films and on TV, haven't you? Sure.
Many people will not agree with the expulsion of diesel fuel, but they must understand the adverse effects it may have. People cannot judge something until they know all of the facts of that subject. Diesel fuel is made from petroleum “which originates from decomposed vegetation that has been stored and altered in the upper strata of the earth for thousands of years” (Farrauto). Two primary products of petroleum are diesel and gasoline; both are used to fuel vehicles. “The fuels are made by separating and chemically changing petroleum compounds, a process referred to as refining (Farrauto).
Each of the three reactions are heated at reflux, cooled, and filtered, yielding their respective products. Part A: The reaction for the formation of [Mo(CO)4(HNC5H10)2] complex. OC OC H10C5HN H10C5HN CO CO CO CO Mo Mo Mo Mo CO CO H10C5HN H10C5HN CO CO CO CO CO CO + 2 HNC5H10 + 2 HNC5H10 Cis-isomer Cis-isomer Part B The reaction for the formation of cis- [Mo(CO)4(PPh3)2] complex CO CO CO CO OC OC Mo Mo Mo Mo OC OC CO
Owing to the development of industry and the use of fossil fuels, the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere has produced and the average global temperature seems to have risen. What’s more, deforestation can affect climate changes. The growing of trees and plants can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere because of photosynthesis, however, deforestation lead to carbon dioxide emissions. Both of these can lead to global warming of the atmosphere. The report (UNEPWMO, 2004, P10) also pointed out, the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are altering the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.
Fossil fuels like the substance sulfur dioxide products are burnt to heat water under pressure , making them steam. This high pressure steam is used to spin the turbine generators which make electricity although this method is not really used anymore now. 5.) What are the potential hazards for using this resource? The potential hazards for using sulfur dioxide is it can affect our environment, plants, animals, the air that we breathe, our water resources and our planet.
Fossil Fuels Report What are Fossil Fuels? The Combustion of fossil fuels Fossil fuels are made up of hydrocarbons which are compounds that contain the elements hydrogen and carbon. Examples are methane, CH4, propane, C3H8 and butane, C4H10. Hydrocarbons readily burn or undergo combustion reactions. Combustion may be complete or incomplete.