How the Machine Gun Revolutionised Warfare

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The machine gun, along with many other weapons, was one of the inventions that revolutionised the nature of warfare, dominating the battlefields of WWI and accounting for many thousands of deaths. Prior to the arrival and development of the machine gun in warfare, the strategy of fighting in the war had been drastically different. Manoeuvring was a strong aspect in war and was fought in formations that were frequently positioned to the front, back, and sides. Hence, troops were generally exposed to the battlefield. This meant that charging attacks were also more common, using weapons such as the musket, which could only fire a maximum of 3 rounds per minute. Most weapons used though had a low rate of fire and required reloading, which was proved both tiring and troublesome. The machine gun was first invented during the 18th century, but it took many years for technology to become more advanced. The machine gun, the Gatling gun, was known by the American Civil War, but its large size and weight did not make it convenient in the battlefield and the use of the weapon ended with devastating results. However, the machine gun was developed into a smaller and portable weapon in the late 1800’s. It was not until 1914 when the machine gun rose into prominence and gradually became one of the most effective weapons of WWI. The 1914 machine gun has transformed the nature of warfare by immensely increasing infantry firepower. This weapon had the firepower of a hundred guns. Firing approximately 400 – 600 small-calibre bullets in one minute, depending on which machine gun was used, the weapon allowed for rapid, continuous fire, thereby eliminating frequent reloading. Different machine guns were made, which broadened the extensive use of the machine gun, such as the German Maxim machine gun, British Vickers machine gun and the Browning automatic rifle. • The German

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