There is no denying that the power that Austrian Empire held from 1820 and 1848 was influential and was one of the reasons the Italian revolutionaries failed. This is why some argue that the main reason of the failed attempt to unite Italy was the brute force of the Austrian military and navy. However, many argue that this was merely one factor of many. Some argue that the reason that Italy’s revolutionaries failed was due to the geographical fragmentation of Italy and the fact that this consequently leads to parochialism within these individual sectors. However, the argument that carries the greatest weight is that the individuals who led these revolts and were at the forefront of the revolutionary movements were not united themselves in how they wanted Italy to unite.
To what extent was Italy politically and economically united, 1896-1914? Despite official unification in 1870, Italy still remained somewhat divided, especially so under the Liberal government, 1896-1914. Attempted reforms to ease political and economic divisions had limited success, such as the voting reform of 1912 to introduce universal male suffrage (which increased the popularity of socialism) and modernisation in industries such as steel and hydroelectricity (which consequently widened the North/South divide). Italy still remained partially divided, which prevented total unification, both politically and economically. Firstly, Italy was only partially politically united, namely due to a number of liberal policies.
Growth of support for facism was a reason for Mussolinis appointment as Prime Minister,however there were many other reasons for Mussolinis appointment as PM, but growth of support was very important for him. The war and the mutilated victory, had an affect on Mussolinis appointment as PM. The main reason wad that the nationalists were bitterly disappointed that italy didn’t make any gains during the war. The nationalists claimed that Italy had been betrayed by the Liberal government, this shows that the nationalists might have wanted to overthrow the Liberal government and therefore supported Mussolini before he was appointed. This links into the title point that Mussolini had a wide support base and that it was growing.
Long running weaknesses within the original political system aided in developing support for Mussolini, along with his ability to change the party’s policies to accommodate all members of society. Although the war was important in allowing this rise in support for the PNF, it was not the only factor which played a part. After the land promised to Italy in the Treaty of London did not materialise, many Italians felt that their victory was one which had been ‘mutilated’. Orlando, Italy’s Prime Minister had failed to fight for the promised land during the signing of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference, leaving Italy bitter towards its own government. Prominent socialist at the time D’Annunzio led some 2000 soldiers into the city of Fiume in defiance of the Italian Government.
January 2012 Why did Piedmont become, and remain, the driving force towards closer Italian unity in the years 1848–61? To what extent can Italy be described as completely unified by 1870? June 2012 How far do you agree that the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820–49 was primarily due to a lack of popular support? How far do you agree that Cavour made the most significant individual contribution to the process of Italian unification in the years 1852–70? January 2013 How significant was
To what extent had the pressing political problems of the 1800s been solved by 1914? After Italy’s unification in 1870 there were immediate political issues facing the new united Italy that needed to be addressed. The government that was formed was incredibly unorganized and not many people knew who was in charge at times, not only this but many of the politicians in power were incredibly corrupt and would happily take bribes, launder money and other underhanded, dishonest actions which would have been frowned upon had people known. The new united Italy was a liberal state which was actually one of the first of its kind, the Liberals had managed to oust the ruling families of each individual state, the old aristocracy and most importantly the pope. However this “liberal” Italy was actually more conservative at heart, the country was a monarchy and not a republic.
In fact, unemployment in Italy rose and economic situation worsened. Many of his economic policies failed because of the regime that was inefficient and corrupt. Although Mussolini failed in many aspects of his rule, he was more successful than Hitler with his religious policy after his agreement with the Pope in 1929. Mussolini was aware of the influence that the Church had on people. So with the Lateran Treaty in 1929 Italy recognized Vatican as a sovereign state, accepted the Catholicism as the official state religion and in return Pope recognized the kingdom of Italy.In Italy, monarchy still remained and though Mussolini ignored king Emmanuel, the king played a role in Mussolini's fall, when he was able to announce Mussolini's dismissal and order his arrest.
How successfully did Italian government deal with problems faced from 1896 to 1914? Between these two dates, it was the Liberal government that was in charge of Italy and overall had dealt with the problems they faced, quite successfully. The main problems that the faced were political, social, economical, and issues with the foreign policy, including the competition with Italian society and the crisis they faced with the ‘Battle of Adowa’. Some of the main problems he faced were political. For example, a major issue during this period was the transformismo; a coalition created by Giovanni Giolitti that influenced Liberals, Nationalists, Catholics and Socialist who did not get along – making the issues that would later arise inevitable.
Italy felt that they wanted to regain the glory they possessed during ancient Rome and wished to create a 20th century Italian Empire in the Mediterranean. Although both Germany and Italy’s ideas of domination were similar they did not necessarily mean that they achieved their success in the same way. Although the textual definition of Italian and German fascism is essentially equivalent, the ways in which Mussolini and Hitler implemented their fascist policies were completely different. The primary differences between Hitler and Mussolini were: how they were elected into power and how they used their powers to achieve their goals, their abilities to justify their cause and win support of their citizens, and their abilities in preparing global domination. After the end of the First World War Mussolini had come to the conclusion that, a socialist government as a doctrine had been a complete failure and if Italy was to continue to needed a much more fitting form of government.
To what extent was liberal Italy untitled in the years 1891-1914? To an extent liberal Italy was not united in the years 1891-1914. However to a certain extent there were some reasons that meant Italy was more united. There were vast amounts of reasons that lead to a un united Italy, whether it was financial weakness or social or political, in these years Italy was a very up united country. Italy's political system was similar to Britain's.