The general concept of distillation involves the boiling of a mixture, resulting in the lower boiling compounds boiling off first. This compound is then collected when the vapors are cooled on a condenser. Several different techniques exist for specific applications. The most commonly used method is the simple distillation apparatus (Figure 1). This results in the vapors being collected and affords one solution in moderate purity.
The stripper is the hottest section of the tower and the ethanol rich stream is vaporized and goes up the column. The ethanol rich vapor continues to rise up the rectifying section of the column where it contacts and increases the purity of the richer ethanol stream as it comes down the column. The overhead is the lowest boiling stream, which is the azeotrope in this case. This results in a constant temperature of about 78 degrees ˚C in the
Methlyene chloride was a good solvent in this case because its boiling point is 40 degrees C and will boil off before the trimyristin which has a boiling point of 56-57 degrees C. Finally acetone was added to wash the crystals and the solution was vacuum filtered. This process was repeated and the trimyristin was collected. Results: Experimental yield of trimyristin= .64g Experimental melting point of trimyristin= 59 degrees C Percentage yield = experimental-truex100 True Dicussion: The extraction of trimystrin left white crystals resembling a powder. Its melting point was 56 degrees C which was exactly the recorded value. However, given that
Liquid resins are converted into insoluble and infusible solids through oxirane reactions. The oxirane structure is referred as epoxy functionality. The resin used in the experiment has a functionality of two. Resins are usually prepared with the reactions of bisphenols –and generally commercially bisphenol A- with epichlorohydrin or glycidyl chloride. Epoxy resins are generally cured with primary/secondary polyamines, anhydrides, and polyamides.
Structure of Ethyl Acetate (Toxipedia 2010) | The polar interactions between the solutions and both of the absorbent and the solvent can occur as a dipole-dipole interaction, the result of the contact of two polar molecules with permanent dipoles such as hydrogen bonding and also dipole-induced dipole interaction in which a molecule with a permanent dipole polarizes another molecule. While dipole-dipole interactions are particularly strong, the dipole-induced dipole interactions are much weaker, for instance, Van der Waals interactions (Library 4 Science 2008). These interactions will assist in the determination of the polarity of substances. The compounds provided are Acetaminophen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Caffeine and two unknown mixtures. By judging known substances with those unknown it might be possible to determine if any of the known are included in the unknown mixtures due to the different polarity of
Those that will dissolve the solute when the solution is hot but not cold. Those that will either dissolve the impurities exceptionally or not dissolve the impurities at all. Solvents cannot react with the solute. The best solvents are inexpensive, volatile, nontoxic, and immflammable.2
Reaction Scheme [pic] Although sulfanilic acid is insoluble in acid solutions, it is nevertheless necessary to carry out the diazotization reaction in an acid (HNO2) solution. This problem can be avoided by precipitating sulfanilic acid from a solution in which it is initially soluble. The precipitate is a fine suspension and reacts instantly with nitrous acid. The first step is to dissolve sulfanillic acid in basic solution. When the solution is acidified during diazotization to form nitrous acid, the sulfanilic acid is precipitated out of solution as a finely divided solid, which is immediately diazotized.
Toluene and cyclohexane have a boiling point difference of 30 degrees Celsius. The norm for performing a fractional distillation over simple distillation is if the boiling point values are within 25 degrees Celsius from each other. In theory a fractional distillation will give more accurate results since they are relatively near each other. The actual reaction was fairly straight forward with the distillation of the mixture solution followed by a gas chromatography of the 16th and 31st mL for analysis allowing us to find the amount of cyclohexane versus toluene in those samples. The success of this experiment was dependent largely on how well the apparatus was setup to ensure proper distillation of the solution.
CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction In this experiment, we conducted a distillation experiment of crude oil. We were able to see how the chemical properties of the components of crude oil influence the temperature it distills out of the crude oil. Distillation is used to remove impurities like distilled water or to separate liquids. It separates substances based on their boiling point. In this case, a sample of crude oil is heated.
If one or more bonds between the carbon atoms are double bonds, the lipid is unsaturated. These are usually liquid at room temperature and are called oils. Functions of lipids 1. Storage - lipids are non-polar and so are insoluble in water. 2.