Predictive Policing Tracy Hudson Dr. Edwin Otto CIS500-012VA016-1138-001 Info Syst Decision Making 20 October 2013 1. Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. A capable new technology with the intention of analyzing and predict crime tends before it occurs. Information Technology and Performance optimization of police department increase in crime rate, which is pervasive demands policing to be practical rather than reactive. It requires change from conventional too tough purposefully methods shared with better aptitude.
The concept of ‘broken windows’ is appealing to police departments attempting to reduce crime and restore order in their communities. From a police perspective, not only can order maintenance assist in meeting citizen demands for a government response to disorderly conditions, but it can also help in potentially deterring more serious crime from occurring. Several studies have found an association between order maintenance policing and crime reduction. Corman and Mocan (2002) determined that minor offense enforcement was linked to the reduction in serious crime in New York City.
Proactive patrol has been known to deter crime in areas where criminal activity is high. Providing proactive patrol can deter criminals from actually committing the crime but it does not always deter the crime from happening in the first place. Creating the awareness in a community there are police nearby does help deter the crime from taking place. In order for a police organization to be successful it would take both patrols to reach this goal. One without the other in my eyes would not work.
Essentially, the police will base their use of assets in a manner to reduce crime by building ties within the community and having a presence in neighborhoods. This can be an effective method because many argue that seeing the police in an area a majority of the time deters criminals from acting in those areas. A downfall of the COP theory is that political influence can force a department to pool resources in an area where crime is not as prevalent in order to keep good relations with a major tax base. Often times the poorer neighborhoods do not feel as though they are receiving enough of a police presence. The contingency theory is based on the approach to achieve specific goals, such as crime control.
Assess the view that crime prevention is more successful when focused on explaining offences rather than offenders. (21) Differing views from sociologists state that the success of crime prevention can be explained either through explaining the offence or through an explanation of the offenders. Some sociologist would state that in order to prevent criminal activity need to understand where offences take place and why these areas and not others. As Brantingham states that every person retains a memorable cognitive map of the area that they live in. This is a map that is individual to the person where they will have routine routes of where they will walk/drive etc.
Predictive Policing Scott A. Lorenzen Strayer University Abstract What is Predictive Policing? Defined by the National Institute of Justice “Predictive policing is a way to predict, plan, dissuade possible crimes of occurring using current information with advanced analysis applied to the information to assist those in charge of daily security task.” (NIOJ, para 1). As Information Systems becomes more complex by the hour how authentic is or is not the data provided. Predictive Policing Compare and contrast the application of Information Technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. Today's police have an advantage over their counterparts of the 60's and 70's with the help of the invention of the computer, new processes, and new calculations being processed.
The reports that are used are collected from the NIBRS (National Incident-Based Reporting System) and NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) and published by FBI in their yearly UCR ( Uniform Crime Report.) In some forms of deviance self-report studies have been proven better than police reports (ex: minor offenses among adolescents.) In a variety of social-psychological studies these reports have been proven very useful (ex: monitoring of subjective feelings or states is at issue) Dishonesty in these reports will not have a good affect on the statistics. Often asking subjects about their behaviors in the past can reveal more serious crimes, but may miss the minor acts of crime. People have a tendency of remembering the major crimes (ex: murder, theft, kidnapping, robbery), but often times forget the minor crimes (ex: speeding, minor assaults, public intoxication.)
What would happen of policing agencies adopted only one of these patrol styles? Reactive patrol is when the police would respond only to calls for service in that area then after the intervention, they would leave the area rather quickly so the random patrol unit would resume their roles. In significant areas of crime changes, the random patrols would be beefed up in numbers to proactive patrols to facilitate security of the neighborhoods, therefore shortening the response time in catching crimes in progress. If the policing agencies decided to go with one or the other I believe that the proactive patrol would suffice better than the reactive patrol. This is because the response time in the reactive patrol may take significantly longer, whereas the proactive patrol would be shorter because they are already there.
Armed criminals operate in at least some areas of virtually every jurisdiction. Given this reality, a failure to routinely arm the police gives armed criminals a strong advantage in terms of their ability to threaten and commit violence, without any corresponding risk to themselves. [1] In Bristol in England where police are not routinely armed the deployment of armed police in inner-city areas in 2003 defused gang tensions and
Running head: Analyzing Victimology Analyzing Victimology Carolyn Simon CJ:430 Psychological Profiling Professor Jason Lile February 1, 2013 “Psychological profiling has been described as an excellent tool for law enforcement; although it does not replace good investigative techniques it has proven to be useful” (Holmes & Holmes, 2009). Some techniques used by psychological profilers use to help during investigations are the inductive and deductive approach, criminal profiling and geographic profiling. The inductive approach to profiling is based on the theory that if crimes committed are similar, the offenders share similar traits (Holmes & Holmes, 2008). This method gathers information from past events to support broader generalizations. The deductive approach to profiling uses the crime scene and any evidence left behind to gather information about the offender (Holmes & Holmes, 2009).