Case Study #1: Patient on Hemodialysis A 47 year-old man is being sent back to the hospital unit after undergoing hemodialysis in the dialysis unit. The patient was initially admitted for pneumonia but has been receiving hemodialysis Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for the past year for kidney failure. He has a functioning arteriovenous fistula on the left arm. On assessment a positive thrill and bruit are confirmed. The nurse from the dialysis unit informs the unit nurse assigned to the patient that 1 L of fluid was removed.
There is no cure for Crohn’s disease. Treatment may include drugs, nutrition supplements, and surgery. The goals of treatment are to control inflammation, correct nutritional deficiencies, and relieve symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Some people have long periods of remission, sometimes years, when they are free of symptoms. However, the disease usually recurs at various times over a person’s lifetime.
* Patients who have been well controlled on metformin who develop illness or laboratory abnormalities should be assessed for ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis. Assess serum electrolytes, ketones, glucose, and, if indicated, blood pH, lactate, pyruvate, and metformin levels. If either form of acidosis is present, discontinue metformin immediately and treat acidosis.Lab Test Considerations: Monitor serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin periodically during therapy to evaluate effectiveness of therapy. May cause false-positive results for urine ketones.Assess renal function before initiating and at least annually during therapy. Discontinue metformin if renal impairment occurs.
Some of the causes of CHF are weakened heart muscles, damaged heart valves, blocked blood vessels in the heart (which may lead to cardiac arrest), Exposure to alcohol or drug substances, high blood pressure, ongoing untreated arrhythmias, genetic diseases effecting the heart, and there are many other things that could cause CHF, this just lists a few. There are also a few causes that are done because of unhealthy habits such as smoking, obesity and lack of exercise, high sodium intake, excessive alcohol use, and noncompliance with medications and therapies directed by physicians. Those are the causes,
Polycystic Kidney Disease Affecting somewhere near 12.5 million people, polycystic kidney disease is the most commonly inherited life threatening disease .Genetically passed down from generation to generation, causing renal failure in most cases. This disorder involves complications mainly to the kidneys but can spread to other areas. The kidneys maintain chemical and hormonal levels in the body as well as filter your blood to eliminate the waste by- products. Lose of normal functions in the kidney as well as the formation of cysts in the tissue and buildup of toxins in the blood result from this disorder. Fluid filled sacs called cysts develop in the tissue of the kidneys and may range from severe
The lithium therapy resulted in the absence of water membrane proteins. The inability of principal cells in the collecting ducts to respond to ADH results in symptoms of polyuria. Her urine sample showed the presence of red blood cells, a condition that results in glomerular filtration membrane damage. Mrs. Anderson’s low blood
This causes build-up of fluid in the lungs, liver, arm, and legs. When this happens there is a lack of oxygen and nutrition to organs. Heart failure can also occur when an infection weakens the heart muscles. Congestive Heart Failure is common is high blood pressure, long term alcohol abuse, disorders of the heart valves and coronary artery disease. You need to have a proper diet and get a lot of rest when you have CHF.
Crohn’s Disease Rosa Capela Kaplan University: SC131 January 21, 2015 What is Crohn’s Disease? Crohn’s Disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, causing the lining of your digestive tract to flame up. When the disease is active many symptoms can be caused, including abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue (extreme tiredness), weight loss, and malnutrition (lack of proper nutrition). Inflammation of the skin eyes and joints, inflammation of the liver of bile ducts and delayed growth or sexual development, in children are also signs and symptoms of Crohn’s Disease. Scientists believe Crohn’s Disease is caused by a combination of these 3 factors: Immune system problems, genetics, and environmental factors.
Like many illness, there are different classifications of DI. Central Diabetes Insipidus is the most common. Damage to the pituitary gland causes a disruption of the standard storage and release of ADH. Another form of DI is Nephrogenic DI. This is the result of the kidneys being incapable of responding to ADH.
Some of the common triggers for sickle cell crisis are fever, dehydration, stress, infection, hypoxia, bleeding, cold exposure, and drug and alcohol use. The immune system for people with sickle cell anemia is weakened which increases the likelihood of infection from flu viruses and bacteria which could lead to a fever. There are four different types of crises that are label based on the area of the body affected. They are bone, abdominal, chest, and joint crisis. During a sickle cell crisis, the pregnant person may present with severe unrelenting pain that is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, coughing up blood, diarrhea, or decreased range of motion of the affect extremity.