Purpose: When light travels through different mediums, it is being refracted. The purpose of this lab is to test Snell’s law of refraction. Hypothesis: The angles of refraction that I predicted from the angle of incidences by using Snell’s Law are below on the predicted angle Column. To obtain these values I used the index of refraction of crown glass because it is more likely close to the glass (plexiglass) that we are using. Angle of Incidence 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° Predicted angle of refraction 0 6.56° 13.0° 19.2° 25.02° 30.27° 34.74° Variables and Controls: Independent Variable: The angle of the light coming from the ray box or the angle of incidence Dependent Variable: The angle of refraction on the plexiglass.
Objective The purpose of this experiment is to prove the laws of reflection and refraction, and to determine the angle of the total internal reflection and the index of refraction in the experiment. Theory The theory being experimented in this procedure is that of Willebrord Snell. From his theory we understand that the incident ray, the normal line and the refracted ray all lie on the same plane. We also understand that the relationship is defined in a ratio with the following equation; Which means that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction, I equal to the ratio of the speed of light in the original medium and the speed of light in the refracting medium. Procedure We set up the optics track, light source and the ray table.
Investigating the various phenomena which occur when monochromatic light undergoes diffraction Title: Determine the wavelength of a monochromatic light source (laser). Measure the groove spacing of a CD and the diameter of powder spores using diffractive methods. Aim: The aims of this experiment are to determine the wavelength of the monochromatic light source and to determine the groove spacing of a CD and the diameter of the Lycopodium powder. Introduction: There are three parts to this experiment in the first part a diffraction grating is used to diffract light from a laser (monochromatic source of light). By measuring the angles of diffraction and by calculating the grating spacing, the wavelength of the light may be calculated.
Procedure The group first took measurements such as the mass of the object, the radius of the rotation, the tension of the mass when we attached it to the apparatus. The mass (m) of the object was weighed in at .446 kg. We found the radius of the rotation by measuring the distance between the pointer and the holder. We also had to add in the radius of both poles to find the true radius of the rotation. We used a vernier caliper to obtain the diameter of those two and therefore, the radius.
Experiment on finding the Refractive Index value of Perspex using Snell’s law Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find the refractive index of Perspex, using Snell’s law. By shining a ray at a prism and drawing the incoming and out coming ray, and then drawing the normal and measuring the angles. Variables: Table 1: table of variables Identify the variable(s) How will the variable(s) be changed, measured, and/or controlled? Independent variable(s) Angle of incidence Move the box around so that the ray hits the prism at different angle. Dependent variable(s) Angle of refraction Measure the angle with a protractor.
Lastly we will explore standing waves and how string oscillations become affected by the string mass density. Theory As stated in order above, our first experiment of simple harmonic motion using an oscillating spring setup. By using a mass hanger attached to a rotary motion sensor, we are able to produce graphs and data to attempt to show the proofs for the theories and equations listed in the theory and graph section of the lab. The experiment started with adding 200g and progressively moved up to 350g for five trials. We then collected the data and analyzed the sine graph and the different portions of it and what they meant including the parameters and taking proper data.
Laboratory report ascertaining the absolute Focal Length of a Convex Lens Aim: The intention of this Laboratory experiment is to determine, with safety and exactitude, the precise Focal Length of the given Convex Lens. By using the data recorded down with a vast number of analytical techniques in conjunction with the formula given for a thin lens ( 1f=1u+1 v ) Theory: By using the formula given for a thin lens and substituting my measurements into the formula the result should be an exact measurement of the focal length (10cm) or (20cm) depending on the convex lens provided for the experiment. However my hypothesis would show that the results recorded will be slightly fallacious, since the major difficulty is to judge at which screen position or lens position can form the sharpest image. I think a major source of error is the scientist in questions eyesight; one of the dependant variables. Subsequently the entire experiment would be completely dependable on what was seen as in focus and not in focus.
Fermat’s Principle of Least Time. Imagine that we want to analyze the trajectory of light reflecting off of a surface. Consider the following diagram below: Here the horizontal black line is the medium that the light is bouncing off of. The red line represents the path that the light would travel if it continued on unimpeded by the reflective medium. The blue line and the orange line are equal and so by basic geometry the reflected line and the red line are equal in length.
Because the length of a pendulum L, and the square of the period of the pendulum T2 are directly proportional, we were able to determine g by calculating the slope of the T2 vs L graph. From our calculations, this value turned out to be 10.3m/s2, while the accepted value for the acceleration is 9.8m/s2. Percentage Difference = 10.3−9.8 9.8 = 5.10 % There are a few reasons for the small error in our estimation: 1. There was some uncertainty in measuring the length of the pendulum L.
The purpose of this lab was to use a spectroscope to analyze the light produced by different light sources. We looked at six different light sources through the spectroscope, including incandescent light, helium, neon, mercury, nitrogen, and fluorescent light. When viewing these light sources through the spectroscope we could see different types of spectra. Spectrum is a band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light. The different types of spectra are continuum spectrum, absorption spectrum, and emission spectrum.