Overall, Marxism, Leninism, Totalitarianism, and Trotskyism were the basic principles of Communism during the Russian Revolution, and their personal principles created the downfall of Russian Socialism. The concept of Marxism was based on the ideas of Karl Marx, who formed his government based on two main social classes, the Bourgeois and the Proletariat. The Bourgeois was the social class the owned the means of producing wealth. The Proletariat was the means of production, in other words, the working class. Marx believed that in a Capitalist society, the Bourgeois was dominant, which he believed to not make sense.
It focuses on class conflict. A key founder of conflict theory was Karl Marx. He believed that there is/or was a bitter conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the capital) and the proletariat (the workers who toil for low pay). He believed this conflict could only end when the proletariat repelled aging the bourgeoisie. Functionalist division of labor Education provides society with a ‘division of labor’ this means schools help identify who will be the bin man and who will
Cuba, Chile, and The Zapatistas Every socialist has changed Marx’s economic system, adapting it to unique social and economic considerations, international pressures, and his or her individual leadership. There is no singular “Marxism,” and I will introduce a distinction between two variations: Theoretical and Pragmatic. However, not even Pragmatic Marxism can describe all of the following revolutions. For Chile, their failure to properly adhere to a Marxist model led to that revolution’s failure because of a lack of radical commitment to the ideals and processes of either Marxist model. In the case of the Zapatistas, it merely indicates a revolution that was outside of Marx’s conception and is a new type of revolution.
Or we can say that conflict theory deals with the incompatible aspects of human society. Conflict theory emerged out of the sociology of conflict, crisis and social change. Consensus theory, on the other hand, is a sociological perspective or collection of theories, in which social order and stability/social regulation forms the base of emphasis. In other words consensus theory is concerned with the maintenance or continuation of social order in society; in relation to accepted norms, values, rules and regulations as widely accepted or collectively by the society-or within a particular society- itself. It Emerged out of the sociology of social order and social stability/social regulation.
Including social institutions, a system of behavioral and relationship patterns, having specific roles to perform to make society. I believe the Functionalist theory best describes society. Personally I believe society can only be stable through social order. Including that part is primarily institutions of society. Amongst family, community, religion, academia, business, media, and government are all equal but, when one gains predominance tyranny always emerges.
Weber does not believe that history had a grand pattern, like Marx does, and although there is a clear relationship between material factors and politics, belies, consciousness; the relationship is complex, multi directional, multi causal and more than that. It is often the case that non material factors, shape or make possible the material relations that Marx uses as a starting point.
They supported the idea of a socialistic party that would be ruled and organized in a democratic manner. Lenin created and led the radical majority Bolshevik party. His was a closed party of professional revolutionaries who believed the transition to socialism would best be achieved by a dictatorship and whose followers were mostly peasants, soldiers and people from the working classes. Because of his earlier, disruptive, revolutionary tactics, Lenin was exiled to Europe in the
Marxism and Postmodernism are the two of the most controversial and thought provoking theoretical perspectives in the field of sociology. One stems from a theory of conflict within society that is fuelled by clear inequalities of monetary income, the other was a seismic shift in critical thinking and the assertion of no fixed, intellectual truths. Both perspectives divide opinion within academia and their influence is also evident in numerous academic subjects such as literary theory, post-structuralism and feminism. This essay will outline the contrasts that are present in the each theory and their effectiveness in making sense of society. Each viewpoint will be reinforced with evidence of how they interpret their influence on a specific social institution and in wider society.
Browne once said "sociological perspectives centre on how much freedom or control the individual had to influence society" He goes on to comment on the two main approaches "structuralism is concerned with the overall structure of society and the way social institutions act as a constraint, or limit and control individual behaviour". Structuralism offers a view of the individual being controlled by the society they live in, Marx and Durkheim are similar in that they can both be described as structuralists, however their individual ideas are somewhat different. Functionalism was developed by Emile Durkheim, he believed like Comte that sociology should be viewed as a precise science and that society should be studied objectively. Durkheim placed an enormous amount of emphasis on social facts which he saw as ways of acting, thinking or feeling that are external to individuals and have their own reality outside the lives and perceptions of individual people. This is known as the macro approach, which places a great emphasis on the structure of society and how an individual operates with that society.
However Marxists would argue that social problems such as underachievement are simply aspects of a wider structure of class inequality, and unlike functionalists, they do not see the state and its policies beneficial to all members of society. In Marxists view, the state represents the ruling class, and social policies serve the interests of capitalism as opposed to society as a whole. For example Marxists would state that social policies, such as the NHS, maintain the labour force for further exploitation. From a social democratic approach, sociologists, such as Townsend, believe that sociologist