Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel

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MIZORAM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT ON POETRY TOPIC: DRYDEN'S ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL SUBMITTED BY R LALHMACHHUANA 1ST SEM. MA (ENG) ROLL NO – ENG/14/307 INTRODUCTION Absalom and Achitophel is a landmark poetic political satire published in 1681 by John Dryden. It was an immediate popular success, running into at least three London editions within four months. The poem is an allegory that uses the story of the rebellion of Absalom against King David as the basis for discussion of the background to the Monmouth Rebellion (1685), the Popish Plot (1678) and the Exclusion Crisis. It is an elaborate historical allegory using the political situation faced by King David (2 Samuel 14-18) to mirror that faced by Charles II. Each monarch had a son whom a high-ranking minister attempted to use against him. James Scott, first Duke of Monmouth, Charles II's illegitimate son, was detected planning a rebellion late in 1681, supposedly instigated by the Earl of Shaftesbury. Early in July Shaftesbury was committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason, and it is believed that Dryden wrote the poem in an effort to sway the jury in his trial, at the king’s request. The fates of both Absalom (Monmouth) and Achitophel (Shaftesbury) are left unspecified at the end of the poem (Monmouth did rebel in 1685, after his father's death, and was executed, and Shaftesbury was acquitted), but we are left to surmise that their fates would resemble those of their Biblical counterparts: Absalom was killed against David's instructions and Achitophel hanged himself. ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL AS A POLITICAL SATIRE Satire is a form of literature, the proclaimed purpose of which is the reform of human weaknesses or vices through laughter or disgust. Satire is different from scolding and sheer abuse, though it is prompted by indignation. Its aim is generally constructive,
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