Lack of finance can cause families to live in poverty, which can then have adverse effects on health, life opportunities, employment, diet and wellbeing, which in turn can lead to more isolation. “social exclusion doesn’t only mean that poor people are likely to experience a number of simultaneous disadvantages: the key thinking that underpins the concept is that social problems are interconnected……..social exclusion can be addressed only by tackling the linked problems of unemployment, low qualifications…..in a joined up way” (Wiles, F., K101, Block 3, Unit 9, Pg 35/36). Children may not have the funds to access
As described earlier in my reflective account (ci) a good example of practice which excludes the individual and is discriminatory is being ignored whilst having a bed bath – the lack of privacy and dignity had a lasting effect on me. Patients of a different culture/religion could be excluded. They could be discriminated against because the carers don’t believe in or simply don’t understand their faith. They may discriminate against this person because or they don’t respect the way they dress or don’t provide the right food for that religion. Avoiding people who are different, such as those with a mental/physical disability or those of a different culture, is classed as discriminatory practice.
However, token economy has issues, such as that you could argue that you are taking away patient’s basic rights to use as rewards. Another criticism which shows why token economy may not be and appropriate and effective therapy is that it has low ecological validity; it may not transfer into the real world. Once patients are away from institutions, they often discarded desirable behavior as there are no longer any rewards to reinforce it. Another disadvantage is the ethical issues surrounding the use of behavioral therapy. It could be argued it doesn't really help the patient; it just makes their behavior more acceptable to others.
Businesses also suffer when massive layoffs occur. When spending by households decreases, incomes decrease for the businesses. Governments are not immune from the effects of massive layoffs of employees either. When households spend less, and businesses are selling less, there is less sales tax to be collected by the government. Also, when employees are laid off there is less income tax to be collected and to make things even worse, former employees can collect unemployment benefits from the government.
Children growing up in poverty face many disadvantages such as unhealthy levels of stress making it near impossible to successfully complete college, thus making it harder to escape their surroundings. The poverty rates in some European countries are much lower than in the United States because of programs they have put into place to help the poor and unlucky, leading one to think the government should once again re-declare the war on poverty. Krugman’s article not only shows percentages he also lets his readers know what the findings were from scientific studies. Living in the conditions of poverty is stressful for anyone, much less children. I see the effects that poverty has on many people every day, and always think one day that could be me.
The largest cause was the crash of the stock market as well as “panics” by the banks. Some economists had their own beliefs about why the country had such economic troubles. Some believed that overproduction was a major factor meaning consumers did not want to consume all that was being produced. Factories would produce excess amounts of goods and it would just sit around because people in the society were not spending money. The people who were spending money were the poor more often than the rich; the poor were getting poorer and the rich were essentially becoming richer because even though there was no money to make, they were not spending.
A lot of American citizens don't like the idea of this immigration reform because they think the United States its going to get worst and because the immigration reform is against their morals and the law. One of the cons is that less-skilled American citizens will earn less money and have fewer job opportunities because they must compete with immigrants in the job market. American citizens don't want the immigration reform because they think immigrants are going to take away their opportunity for jobs. The economy is bad right now with jobs. There is less opportunity of jobs than before.
Materialist and structural explanation Due to data gotten from statistics, this explanation supports the idea that social factors like gender, ethnicity and class play an important role on the impact on health. It explains the level of health patterns and inequalities in the population between the social classes. However a weakness is that believes people should not be responsible for the risky lifestyle choices they make and also believe that people do not have the power to their health experience. The Materialist explanation concentrates on the hazards in society and to which some people have no choice but to be exposed eg the lower classes are exposed to more unhealthy environments because they do more dangerous work, have poorer housing, have fewer resources available to secure good health and are unable to use the health services. * -------------------------------------------------
The guilty-but mentally-ill verdict fails to uphold this principle, and even though it mandates treatment for offenders, there is no indication that the treatment for offenders that are mentally ill has improved since the verdict was established. The APA supports the standard for legal insanity which involves a lack of appreciating the wrong behavior due to a mental issue. The APA is hesitant on taking a position on the assignment of the burden of proof in insanity cases, since this is a matter for legislative judgment and further empirical study. When it comes to psychiatric testimony, the APA supports allowing testimony about the offenders’ mental state, diagnosis, and motivation at the time of the criminal act, leaving the decision of legal insanity up to the jury or judge. The APA stands behind the special management of release decisions for people that are not guilty by reason of insanity in cases that involve violent behavior.
Oregon tried, but found that drug testing was not very effective, while New York and Maryland did cost benefit analyses only to find that drug testing was too expensive and inefficient. Alabama found that job training programs were more effective than drug testing (when it came to moving people off welfare). Louisiana actually passed a drug testing law in 1997, but abandoned the idea when a task force decided that different monitoring system would be more successful and much less expensive ( paper and pencil tests). (Preface to “What are some alternatives and improvements to the welfare