h) A way to make hard water softer is to put an sodium nitrate and create a precipitate to mellow out the reaction. Another way of making it softer is by removing the calcium ions one way of doing that is by boiling the solution to take out some of the ions. Conclusion: Overall, we determined that sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is the anion that can be used to precipitate the most metal cations. Also, we learned that the anion sodium chloride, NaCl, could be used to remove silver ions from solutions. The stuff that I found interesting was that how many colours you can get when you mix the cations and anions
Cyclohexanone from Cyclohexanol by Hypochlorite Oxidation Introduction: The experiment was an oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone. Household bleach was used as a source of sodium hypochlorite that was 5.25 % (0.75 M) aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite; NaOCl (aq), an oxidizing agent to oxidized cyclohexanolinto cyclohexanone. Bleach solution was added to a mixture of cyclohexanol and acetic acid. The yields are known better in acidic rather than basic conditions. Therefore, acetic acid was used for this experiment.
Tap water is considered homogenous because it often contains dissolved minerals and gasses which are dissolved throughout the water. 4. Is isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) a heterogeneous or homogenous mixture? Explain your answer. Rubbing alcohol is a hemogenous since you can’t see the different parts in it.
B) permanent dipoles of molecules containing covalent bonds between atoms of very different electronegativities. C) the hydrophobic effect. D) ion pairing between oppositely charged functional groups. Answer: A Page Ref: Section 5 28) The aggregation of nonpolar molecules or groups in water is thermodynamically due to the A) increased entropy of the nonpolar molecules when they associate. B) decreased enthalpy of the system.
This product is pitched as an antiseptic mouth rinse that kills germs caused by gingivitis, plaque, and bad breath and this product is also approved by the American Dental Association. Active ingredients Eucalyptol 0.092%, Menthol 0.042%, Methyl salicylate 0.060%, and Thymol 0.064% these ingredients purpose anti-gingivitis / anti-plaque. Inactive ingredients water, alcohol 21.6%, sorbitol solution, flavor, poloxamer 407, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, FD&C green no.3. In reviewing both products Equate Blue Mint mouth rinse and Listerine Cool Mint mouth rinse we have come to the conclusion thus far they both contain the exact same ingredients proportions and all. Not too much difference.
The purpose of this step was to remove (extract) most of the water that has dissolved in the ether layer. 2) The aqueous layer was drained and the solution discarded in the sink. 3) The ether layer was poured out the top of the separatory funnel into a clean, dry Erlenmeyer flask. 4) Several scoops of anhydrous Mg SO4 were added and the solution swirled. The MgSo4 absorbed the last traces of water the ether solution.
Purpose: The reduction of carbonyl compounds is an important synthetic method to create alcohols. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by a variety of reagents to yield their respective alcohol products. Among the most useful reagents for accomplishing these reductions are the complex metal hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4 or LAH) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). LAH and NaBH4 differ in their reactivities towards different classes of carbonyl compounds. LAH is highly reactive and will reduce acid chlorides, esters, carboxylic acids, amides, and nitriles as well as aldehydes and ketones.
CHE 111 Laboratory 3 Hydrates Introduction Hydrates Water molecules combine with the molecules of certain substances, forming loose chemical combinations called hydrates. An example of a hydrate is MgSO4•7H2O. This formula means 7 water molecules are loosely attached to a magnesium sulfate molecule. Other examples of hydrates are Na2SO4•10H2O and Ba(OH)2•8H2O. When the hydrate is heated, it easily loses water molecules attached and becomes an anhydrous salt.
It is not combustible, but it speeds up the combustion of other substances because it is an oxidizing agent. It can react with combustible materials and emit toxic fumes. It is used in paint and ink pigments, as a wood preservative, or a corrosive inhibitor. It is a carcinogen to humans. Product A- Silver Chromate(s)~Ag2CrO4 Silver Chromate is a reddish-brown crystalline substance.
Some natural waters contain iron ions that affect the taste of the water and cause rust stains. Aeration converts any iron (II) ions into iron (III) ions. A basic solution (contains hydroxide ions) is added