Meichenbaum’s (1977) had state within the learning theory outline clients cognition are clear and understandable behaviors that can be modified in their own rights. Albert Ellis’s (REBT) is that people contribute to their own psychological therapy by the way of understanding the event. REBT therapy is use with the intention of cognitive, emotions, and behaviors, which it give-and-take relationship Ellis also encourage the clients to do the thing that they are afraid of. Such as claiming a mountain is you are afraid of heights, or getting involve with people if the individual is fearful of getting involve. This is the contradicting of Jung.
Pg.699). The subjects had no satisfaction from inflicting pain but they often liked the feeling they got from experimenter. They were proud of doing a good job, obeying the experimenter under difficult circumstances. Milgram experiment report also tells us that 30 percent of the subjects were willing to deliver 450 volts to the learners; this percentage was higher then what Milgram had predicted. Although Milgram did not threaten the subjects with punishment, jail, loss of income, or life for failure to obeying his orders, but the experiment’s authority was much less than what soldiers face from a general in warfare.
While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they had made fools of themselves and to put it down to experience, committed members were more likely to re-interpret the evidence to show that they were right all along. When someone is forced to do something they really don't want to do, dissonance is created between their cognition and their behavior. Forced compliance occurs when an individual performs an action that is inconsistent with his or her beliefs. The behavior can't be changed, since it is already in the past, so dissonance will need to be reduced by re-evaluating their attitude to what they have done. This prediction has been tested
Ethical considerations in diagnosis There are a lot of ethical consideration in psychological diagnosis, and they greatly influence the process of diagnose. Szasz pointed out ethical issues in diagnosis, which is labeling&stigma. He argues that patients labeled as “mentally disorder” “criminal” would effect their position in society. They would be reject by the society because of the labeling. His argument had effect the classification system, in DSM-IV the new identity are given to those patients so they would be accept by the society.
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
This awareness is hypothesized to be deeply threatening • A model hypothesizing that recognition of their own morality raises anxiety in humans, which they can reduce by affirming and conforming to their cultural worldview • This conforming act gives meaning to existence • Reminding people of their morality increases their use of stereotypes • Basically, conformity to social values and cultural worldviews can serve to protect people from death anxiety • This provides a sense of symbolic immortality o Social impact theory • A model that conceives of influence fro other people as being the result of social forces acting on individuals, much as psychical forces can affect an object • Strength of social force (intensity) matters • Immediacy refers to the closeness of each social force • Numbers refers to the quantity of social forces present • Psychosocial law • A principle in social impact theory that specifies the nature of the relation between the size of a group and its social influence. The principle predicts that as the number of social forces increases, overall social influence also increases, but at a declining rate
Using a line judgment task, Asch put a naive participant in a room with seven confederates. (a person one works with, in something secret) The confederates had agreed in advance what their responses would be when presented with the line task. The real (naive) participant did not know this and was led to believe that the other seven participants were also real participants like themselves. Each person in the room had to state aloud which comparison line (A, B or C) was most like the target line. The answer was always obvious.
02/10/13 1 Week 2 Assignment HU2000 Do emotion and our instinct to conform to society and authority affect our ability to think critically? In my opinion I feel that instinct provides the platform upon which cognitive skills are built. Since what one thinks depends upon what one believes, and belief has a major emotional component, critical thinking is a difficult skill to develop. Continuous effort is required to overcome one’s tendency to respond impulsively. A few hundred- thousand- years of social evolution have largely codified our instincts and emotional nature with laws devised to minimize and resolve conflict.
1. Why do you think George Miller gave everyone a 3 rating? George Miller gave everyone a 3 rating because he wanted to take the easy way out of thing. Moreover, doing the performance appraisal correctly allows the manager to get a grasp of where his employees are at, and also to find ways to improve the certain areas that they are not good in. There are many reasons to why George Miller gave every one a 3 rating, and one of them being he didn’t take the time to actual do the performance appraisal by noticing what his employee’s strength and weakness are.
Learning Theory 3 The social learning theory is the behavior theory most significant to criminology. Albert Bandura alleged aggression is erudite through a curse of action called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them (Bandura & Ribes, 1976). Albert Bandura and other theorist argued that individuals, especially children, learn aggressive responses from observing others, either personally or through the media and environments (Bandura, 1976). He stated that many individuals believed that aggression will fabricate reinforcements.