Causation and Correlation --Are They Different?

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One of the most common errors individual’s make is when attempting to make the distinction between correlation and causation. However, in scientific and psychological findings, distinguishing between these two terms is very important. Simply put, correlation means association or a measure of the extent to which two variables are related (McLeod, 2008). A correlation will identify the variables and looks for a relationship between them. There are two types of correlations: positive correlations and negative correlations. A positive correlation happens when an increase in one variable causes an increase in another variable. If an increase in one variable causes a decrease in another variable, this is known as a negative correlation. A correlation does not imply causation because we cannot just assume that even though two variables are associated, that one causes the other. “ Identifying cause is one of the most important aspects of conducting research” (Dr. Price and Dr. Oswald, 2006). In order to understand and predict behavior it is extremely important that one is able to identify the variables that cause a change in other variables. Causation is defined as when changes in one variable directly cause changes in another variable (Jaffe, 2010). • Wealthy people can afford better quality foods. Wealthy people can afford liposuction. • Social circle norms influence wealthy people to stay in shape. People with long hair do better on audio memory tests is a correlation. There is no proof that individual’s with either short or long hair, hear better than the other. • Ice cream melts when heated is a causation. When heat is applied ice cream always melts. • Students with fewer clothes perform worse on standardized tests is a correlation. The addition of more or less clothing will not change the way an individual does on the test. Possible

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