Calculating Additions to Nwc

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FIN 921 Tutorial solutions - Week 2 Autumn 2012 Chapter 1 Answers to Critical Thinking and Concepts Review Questions *1.3. Corporations. What is the primary disadvantage of the corporate form of organisation? Name at least two of the advantages of corporate organisation. Solution: The primary disadvantage of the corporate form can be the agency problem or the double taxation to shareholders of distributed earnings and dividends for some shareholders. Some advantages include: limited liability, ease of transferability (sell/issue shares very easily, cf. sole proprietor: hard to sell business), ability to raise capital (bond and shares), and unlimited life (wind up, receivership). *1.6. Agency problems. Who owns a corporation? Describe the process whereby the owners control the firm’s management. What is the main reason that an agency relationship exists in the corporate form of organisation? In this context, what kinds of problems can arise? Solution: In the corporate form of ownership, the shareholders are the owners of the firm. The shareholders elect (vote) the board of directors of the corporation, who in turn appoint the firm’s management (CEO). This separation of ownership from control in the corporate form of organisation is what causes agency problems to exist. Management may act in its own or someone else’s best interests, rather than those of the shareholders. If such events occur, they may contradict the goal of maximising the share price of the equity of the firm. (e.g. Rupert Murdoch: shareholders of News Corporation) 1.7. Primary versus secondary markets. You have probably noticed coverage in the financial press of an initial public offering (IPO) of a company’s securities. Is an IOT a primary-market transaction or a secondary-market transaction? Solution: A primary market transaction 1.9. Not-for-profit firm goals.

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