* Repeat the process of passing -- reading – discussing – responding for as long as time permits. Round Robin Chapter 2 Q1. What is the main concept (ideas, theory, message, story) to be covered in chapter 2? (p. 27) * The availability of food in an ecosystem: from food comes energy and matter (nutrition) * Balance in an ecosystem * Impact of food availability on the balance in an ecosystem and survival of organisms Connecting the language (Glossary) * Feeding relationships: Food chains & webs | * Producers & consumers | * Autotrophs & heterotrophs | * Trophic (feeding) levels, biomass, recycling | * Geochemical cycles: water (H2O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) | * Decomposition: detritus, recycling | * Bioaccumulation | * Energy flow: loss, transfer | * | * | * | * | Q2. What is the main question asked on p.27 aimed at focusing the reader’s thinking and learning?
Chapter 5 Energy and Ecosystems – Unit 4 Trophic Level: The position of an organism in the food chain. Consumer: An organism which obtains its energy by feeding on another organism Gross Production: The total quantity of energy that the plants in a community convert to organic matter Net Production: Gross production – respiratory losses Energy Transfer: (Energy available after the transfer / energy available before the transfer) x100 Pyramid of Number: A pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the numbers o organisms present Pyramid of Biomass: A pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the mass of plants/animals Pyramid of Energy: A pyramid drawn with bar lengths proportional to the energy stored within an organism Biological Control: Controlling a pest by introducing a predator Selective Breeding: Breeding of organisms by human selection of parents for certain characteristics Agricultural Ecosystem: An ecosystem made up largely of domesticated animals and plants used to produce food for mankind. Chapter 6 Nutrient Cycle – Unit 4 Saprobiotic Microorganism: An organism that gets its food from the dead or decaying remains of other organisms Greenhouse Gases: Gases such as Methane and CO₂ which trap more heat energy, raising the earth’s temperature Ammonification: Production of ammonia from organic ammonium-containing compounds e.g. urea Nitrification: Converting ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates Nitrogen Fixation: The process where nitrogen gas is converted into nitrogen containing compounds. Denitrification: The conversion of soil nitrates into nitrogen gas Leaching: Process where nutrients are washed from the soil into watercourses Eutrophication: Consequence of an increase in nutrients in water which leads to a decrease in biodiversity.
Oswalt (2008) indicated that people bring their biological selves to the developmental process as recognized by Bronfenbrenner’s theory. His theory focuses on the changing relationship between an individual and his/her environment. Bronfenbrenner’s theory also focuses on how one’s developmental is based on the relationships that form his/her environment. One can still be nurtured, but the effects of the environment that he/she is in, can impact his/ her development (Oswalt, 2008). Development reflects the influences of several environmental systems, and these systems are the micro system, the mesosystem, exosystem and the macro system (Oswalt, 2008).
Each organism has its role to play in the environment to keep the cycle of life regulated in a biosphere. The environment an organism lives in includes all external factors, such as abiotic and biotic factors, and is constantly changing. This continuous process demands the efforts of scientists and biologist to study and document the actions of each organism. The study of organisms and their interactions with their environment is termed ecology. Ecology is a broad science and includes some of these examples: Population processes, including reproduction, death, migrations, and death; interspecific interactions such as competition, predation, mutualism, and parasitism; structures of animal and plant communities, and the flow of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem.
Overall the current socioecology is defined by the risks of endangerment, food availability and mating in the case of males. Understanding the current socioecology helps us better understand what happens within groups after incorporating these variables by predicting outcomes. These predictions of outcomes are called “social syndromes” by dividing them into different “scenarios” of environmental pressures (Thierry, 2008). The research done by White on Lemur catta illustrates the current socioecological model by showing how different environmental factors affect the social status and reproductive success of individuals (White et al., 2007). The experiment also shows how food distribution pattern affect the social hierarchy with in a group.
BIO 215 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY LAB1:A SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OFNATURAL SELECTION ON A POPULATION NAME: FLORENCE OABOLOKA SURNAME: GADIGANGWE ID: 201301296 DATE: 3 FEBRUARY 2015 TITLE: THE EFFECT OF PREDATION ON NATURAL SELECTION PROCEDURE OD A POPULATION The theory of natural selection takes a long time to observe in real life as there is a lot of information to be gathered, therefore it can be tested and observed using model systems to see what can happen in a real world. Natural selection is a gradual process in nature in which organisms possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive, reproduce, and perpetuate their essential genotypic qualities to succeeding generations (Cambell and Reece, 2005). The individuals that survive are said to be best suited or adapted to that environment (Speight et al 2008). This is because there is variation amongst the organisms in the population the better suited traits in the organisms are carried to the next generations (Sadava et al 2012). In this study the concept of natural selection was studied using a predation model where different coloured samp samples ware used to represent insects, different environments were used to see if they had any effect on natural selection.
Biosphere-the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms, which the living organisms and their environment as well composing the biosphere. 2. Based on this week’s required readings, what are the main causes of threats to the biosphere? Political, social, and economic will all be causes of threats to biosphere as citizen expands and how decisions are made to keep enhancing business profits from businesses all around the global. 3.
Darwin’s evolutionary theory is made up of four forces which are mutation, gene flow, gene drift, and finally natural selection. In the example of the Grant’s finches, the founder effect, a.k.a. genetic drift, is clearly described in the Natural Selection in Action: Galapagos Finches handout when it said, “This small founder population to survived and reproduced, and through genetic drift and natural selection accumulated sufficient variations over time to establish a variety of new species.” It is important to understand that the process of natural selection is closely linked to the environment a particular species inhabits. In the case of the Grant’s finches, there was described to be fourteen species of Galapagos finches, which evolved from a common ancestor. The Galapagos finches is a prime example of adaptive radiation because the Grant’s study displayed how the shapes of the finches beaks varied in order to best equip them for the differing habitats and diets they had.
University of Alabama in Huntsville Math 201 Section 1, Spring 2008 Final Exam: MATH 201 Section 1 Full Name: ................................................................................................ Student ID Number............................................................. Note: You need to SHOW all your WORK in order to have full CREDIT. The use of CALCULATOR is prohibited during the exam. There are 10 problems (30 points each ) on the Exam and one bonus problem worths 40 points on this Final Exam. Read each question carefully The Final is 2 and 1/2 hours long or 150 minutes Homework and Quizzes: 150 pts Midterms: 550 pts Final Exam : 300 pts Final Grade over 1000 Letter Grade Note that you need at least 600/1000 to make a grade of C − .
Suppose a student in Business Statistics has no been attending class this quarter but decides to take the exam anyway. If he randomly guesses on each of the 20 questions, then he has a 1 out of 5 chance of getting a correct answer, since it is multiple choice exam with choices a, b, c, d, or e. 8) How many questions should the student expect to get correct on this exam? 9) What is the probability that the student will get a “C” or better, which is 14 or more correct? 10) What is the probability that the student will score lower than a “C” (13 or less correct)? Use the following scenario to answer the next 5 questions.