Biological Motivation and Prudence: A Research Essay Stan Ubani Psychology 213, section CE Professor Marla Maynard December 7, 2013 Biological Motivation and Prudence Motivation can be defined as the compulsion that makes people to behave, think, and feel the way they do (King, 2013). While biological motivation deals with those instinct in animals that moves them to behave the way they do. This Motivation can arise from drive which can lead to need in other so satisfy the urge. Prudence is the capability to dictate and discipline oneself by the use of reason. Prudence helps the individual in making informed choices that will benefit him and the society at large.
The high fat of the meat is important as the authors argue that the selling of mutton flaps to the peoples of the Pacific Islands “involves political, ethical, and health issues of important to us all (Errington and Gewertz, 1). Whenever the “other” (non White) is involved in the less than admirable aspects of food production or trade, it is usually in the role of underprivileged farm workers or illegal immigrants (Errington and Gewertz, 2). This is one of the areas where mutton flap production and consumption differs from that of other higher quality cuts of meat. Mutton flaps are produced on regulated farms by (White) Australians and New Zealanders, where the working conditions are sensible (Errington and Gewertz, 4). After the mutton flaps are processed, however, they are sent away to be consumed by the (Brown) people of the Pacific Islands (Errington and Gewertz).
Aim: To determine the effects of wet and dry environments on the hydrotaxis of mealworms in a choice chamber by counting the number of mealworms in each choice chamber environment. Hypothesis: The different environments will cause the mealworms to locate themselves differently due to them moving to an environment that will best accommodate them. Null Hypothesis: A difference in wet and dry environments will not have an effect on the taxis of mealworms. Variables: Independent | Wet or Dry EnvironmentThis will be manipulated by placing wet tissues on one half of a tray and dry tissues on the other half, creating a choice chamber for the mealworms. | Dependent | Mealworm present in Each Environment (Hydrotaxis of mealworm)This will be measured by using a choice chamber.
They are the ethics modes of human’s behavior for survival. Jacobs tells us those two syndrome are all about “get and trade.” We use them to satisfy our wants. However, these two syndromes conflict with each other. In the following, I will talk about how can these two syndrome work on the society. Can the two syndromes fit into the society separately?
This is supported by many animal studies, where animals tend to help those that are related to them. Dawkins proposed the "selfish gene theory" which states that there is an innate drive for the survival and propagation of one's own genes. Organisms will try to make sure that their genes are passed on to the next generation. This may explain why mothers often protect their child and are willing to sacrifice themselves to protect them, whilst the vice versa is rare. However, this theory does not explain why some people work for charity or help strangers cross the road.
Principle Smash Plan: (20 minutes) 1) State 2/3 principles from Socio-cultural level of analysis 2) Explain the principles (using examples) 3) Linking the principle to relevant research (making sure you relate back to how this demonstrates the principle). Principles: 1) Humans are social animals and we have a basic need to belong (we need people around us to survive – confidence, encouragement, support). – Howarth (2002) - Focus Group (Method used) - Brixton, London (Girls) - Positive view about being from Brixton - Non-Brixton residence - Negative view about Brixton 2) Culture influences behavior (culture has certain value, dictates how we live). – Bond & Smith (1996) - Replication of Asch;s experiment - Meta-analysis - 133 studies that took place in 17 different countries - Higher levels of conformity with collectivist - Lower levels of individualists 3) Because humans are social animals, they have social self (personal identity – they are who they are. Social connections with people and event even though they don’t know about them).
Adaptations, which are driven by natural selection, are features especially important for an animal’s survival. It is believed by evolutionary psychologists that many psychological functions are adaptations. As altruism per definition decreases the fitness of individuals, genes influencing altruistic behavior should be less likely to be passed on to the next generation Altruism has posed a challenge to evolutionary theory. There have nevertheless been efforts to explain this behaviour from a biological point of view. In 1964, Hamilton introduced the concept inclusive fitness.
Socio- biologists argue that biology, meaning our genetic make up; shapes the behavior of the individual and in turn also determines social in-equalities such as gender inequalities present in society. Socio- biologists believe that the sex a person is born, categorizes them into the way society will perceive and treat them, this theory is known as biological determinism(O’ Shaughnessy and Stadler, 2006). Socio- constructionists believe however that ‘gender is a social distinction between men and women (Germov & Poole, 2007) and you are not born a woman or a man but rather female or male and develop into either a woman or a man due to society and its structures .Social ideologies such as gender hierarchy, culture, order and institutions are said to contribute to gender inequality, not the sex of the person as thought by socio-biologists. Prior to the feminist movement in Australia in the 1970’s, the word ‘gender’ did not exist; there was very much a socio-biologists view present in society at this time. This meant there was great masses of gender inequality present in Australia, males and females role’s in society were given to them based on a whole range of other differences: ‘bodily strength and speed, physical skills (men have mechanical skills and women are good at homemaking work i.e.
However, what may be debatable is the reasoning behind the environmental cause. On many organizations’ websites, their reasons stated for attempting to save endangered species include medicinal, research, and economical benefits. While these are incredibly important, these justifiers are also taking the animal away from the issue. The issue now is about humans and how we suffer from a species dying out, when the foundation of the matter should be the wellbeing of the animals and the ecosystems to which they belong and contribute. The idea of human responsibility is the understanding of obligation a human should feel toward a cause or situation, recognizing the impact humans as a whole have had on the issue.
For example, these include genetic make-up; biological needs and evolutionary pressures. The video we watched in the class “Journey of Man”, it mention how human survive in different claims and environments. Genetic difference can make human adapt to difference claims. People who in the tropic zone has special genetics to protect themselves to adapt to the higher ultraviolet rays, that is the reason why their skin color is darker than people who live in the frigid zone. The following is the theory from a medieval writer Al-Jahiz, explained how the environment can determine the physical characteristic.