Beginning with this triplet code on the DNA, describe the effect that this change would have on the following: a. The nucleotide sequence on the template strand of the gene. b. The mRNA codon that results after this triplet code is transcribed. c. The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to the mRNA codon described above.
The first step in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus. The other types of RNA have been synthesized using the DNA. The RNAs migrate from the nucleus into cytoplasm. The second step of protein synthesis is actually initiated by the AUG codon on mRNA. The AUG codon signals both the interaction of the ribosome with mRNA and also the tRNA with the anticodons UAC.
7. The figure to the right shows that injection of M-phase cytoplasm into an oocyte triggers the cell to enter mitosis. What would be the expected effect on cell division if cytoplasm from a G2-phase cell were injected into an M-phase cell? A. DNA replication would begin again. B. activation of all cyclin-CDK complex in the cell.
An estimated 1.2 million adults and children died of AIDS, accounting for 71 per cent of the world’s AIDS deaths in 2011. I was unable to find a graph with the exact statistics above as all the charts are only going up to 2009. I
10.5 DNA replication proceeds in two directions at many sites simultaneously A) The enzymes that link DNA nucleotides to a growing daughter strand, called DNA POLYMERASE. B) DNA ligase then links the pieces together into a single DNA strand. C) In addition to their roles in llinking nucleotides togeter, DNA polymerases carry out a proofreading step that quickly removes nucleotides that have base-pairing incorrectly during replication. 10.6 The DNA genotype is expressed as proteins, which provided the molecular basis for phenotypic traits. A) The chain of command is from DNA in the nucleus of the cell to RNA to
When the MRNA and tRNA bind the amino acid is deposited and binds with an adjacent amino acid forming a polypeptide chain and eventually (after modification by other organelles) forms a protein codes for proteins. A piece of DNA coding for a protein is called a gene. When the protein is produced, we say that the gene is expressed different form of the gene are called alleles which are codes which produce different proteins that lead to characteristics of an organism in general. Proteins are the expressed traits of organisms. Sometimes single proteins other times groups of proteins which account for the phenotype of an organism All organisms begin life a single cell.
For example, Barbiero (2006) reports that although Africa has only 15 percent of the world’s population, 60 out of 100 infected people of HIV/AIDS in the world were found in Africa. Moreover, close to 14 million, more than half of the victims of HIV/AIDS, are women. Terribly, the number of infected people is not going down. Around 2.7 million of new cases of HIV/AIDS carriers occur every year, and approximately 2.8 million were killed by HIV/AIDS during 2005 alone (p.6). AVERTing HIV&AIDS (2010) states that
Every day more people die in America than are born. Any increases in population since 1972 have been due to immigration.2 The sociological perils we face are not those of population explosion, but population reduction. The Population Research Institute agrees, and concluded, “Our long-term problem is not too many children, but too few children.”3 The legalization of abortion resulted in a drastic reduction of the number of children in this country. By 1980 there were 6.5 million fewer school-age children in America than just a decade earlier. This required the closing of nine-thousand elementary schools.4 Legalized abortion has resulted in over 46 million fewer taxpayers in America to support the elderly.
Mitosis is the step during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei. During mitosis, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells. Scientists divide mitosis into four parts (phases): prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the thread-like chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form double-rod structures called chromosomes. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
AIDS was not the only risk posed by needlestick injuries. Hepatitis C, and other lethal diseases were also being contracted through accidental needlesticks. In 1990, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that at least 12,000 health care workers were annually exposed to blood contaminated with the hepatitis B virus, and of these 250 died as a consequence.4 Because the hepatitis C virus had been identified only in 1988, estimates for infection rates of health care workers were still guesswork but were estimated by some observers to be around 9,600 per year. In addition to AIDS hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, needlestick injuries can also transmit numerous viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infection, as well as toxic drugs or other agents that are delivered through a syringe and needle. The cost of all such injuries was estimated at $400 million to $1 billion a year.