The government also decided if they could keep their own children (Bringing them home: 26-36). The ‘care and protection’ of the aboriginals was in fact “control and incarceration” (Kidd 1997); (Section 9 of The 1897 Act). This section gave government Protectors the right to remove Aboriginal
However, etiquette is very important as it reinforces the specific reciprocal bonds between each individual within the group, and a breach could have extending negative effects on the group as a whole. Punishments are based around exclusion from community activities, either temporary or permanent, or around public embarrassment and admonition. A major crime might result in banishment from the community, whereas a minor crime might result in exclusion from the nest stage of learning or ritual until one is deemed worthy again. The whole structure of Aboriginal law encourages responsibility and responsible actions, dictating roles and duties that create and strengthen
(Broome, 1994) It seems that it was only after the rise of Feminism and women’s rights that the social standing and significance of Aboriginal women became an issue to be discussed and explored. The role of Aboriginal women in eighteenth and nineteenth century indigenous society seemed to be a very integral and complex one. The indigenous society within Australia at the time was considered to have an egalitarian social structure, without kings or Chiefs. There was also great emphasis on the different roles played by men and women in indigenous society with regard to their social structure, their different spiritual and ritual significance as well as their relationships with the different tribal structures within the Aboriginal population as a whole. (Brendt,
The philosophies and practices that have shaped Indigenous Australians across the continent differ between tribes based on how they are identified. Identity is formed based on the land you inhabit, the relationship you have with others, the language you speak and the stories you tell (Australian Government 2008). The diversity shown amongst the Aboriginal people is in some way what unites them in so many ways as there philosophies and practices are influenced by The Dreaming (Grieves 2008). The term ‘Dreaming’ is used by Aboriginal people in reference to a range of concepts and entities that are not all covered when using the terms in their own language (Rose 1992). Above all else, the Aboriginal people believe that The Dreaming signifies the land and the law (Tunbridge 1988).
Statements like these clearly indicate that the United States already views the land as its own, and negates all claims that Native tribes might have had to the land. The settler’s law has now become their law, whether they like it or not. Another document, “Land and Law as Agents in Educating Indians” by U.S. Board of Indian Commissioners member Merrill Gates, further reflects not only the aforementioned view of the Indians land but also goes into greater detail about the prevailing attitudes towards Native Americans at the time. A telling passage in from the section “What is an Indian” states: “Daniel Webster applies to the Indians an old legal definition…he calls them ‘perpetual inhabitants with diminutive rights.’ On the whole, the term which has found most favor with those who consider the matter is ‘wards of the
Ever since the British settlement in 1788, the Aboriginal land owners had been given very less rights and attention. Many suffered from loss of family members, loss of freedom, loss of land and loss of culture. It wasn’t until the later in the century, after protests and debates, the Government decided that it was time to do something about this issue. The Aboriginal land rights Act was a example of an act conducted by the Government to protect the Aborigines, the reason to why it was created involves the change of community values. The act granted them with the native title, this meant returning their land to them which they are strongly bonded
How much progress has there been in ‘reconciliation’ between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians since the early 1990s? Discuss with reference to one of the following: the question of an apology to, and compensation for, the “stolen generations” of Aboriginal children; a treaty between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians; changes in relation to land rights; or material improvements in the lives of indigenous Australians. The issues between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians in this country have proven to be a very significant problem since Caucasian settlers invaded Australia. Many debates have been argued by various people regarding this topic referring to the rights that Aborigines should or should not obtain. Research
Kanakas: Indentured labour or slavery? One of the most controversial aspects of the labour trade in South Sea Islanders concerns the way Kanakas were treated by their employers in Queensland. Australian legislators and social commentators in the 1860s had followed Great Britain in condemning the concept of slavery. Early sea traders physically forcing South Sea Islanders to come to Queensland. Whether or not Islanders were deceived, forced or came voluntarily to Queensland, Australian legislation required Islanders to become indentured labourers once on Australian soil.
Traditional Native American ceremonial ways can vary widely, and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual tribes, clans and bands. Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices. There are some features appear to be common to many basic religions that still exist or existed in some form in the nineteenth and twentieth century’s, when anthropologists began to study them. These features have begun also appeared in the historical religions of which we are aware. These common features are; • Animism • Magic •
How do cultural dynamics impact collaboration? In the Interview with American Indian Community Practitioners the Native American community of individuals were very influenced by the society around them. Their names and religious beliefs were changed by the society they live and the want to fit in to a particular group of individuals. Betty Laverdure states, “It is very hard being a traditional person because you become isolated form others.” Understanding the importance of respecting elders and living as a community is very important to the Native Americans and their tribes. Although some European ways have become prevalent in their lives some of the traditional ways are still in place with in their community.