Gilligan also felt that Erikson had a male bias in his study. She felt that is was her duty to prove that women weren’t just “moral midgets” and had similar mental development stages as privileged white men. Erikson was first to propose that children were more than just simple biological organisms, but also products of their environment. Erikson believed that humans develop throughout their entire life. He believed that there are eight main stages that a human must go through in order to be mentally healthy.
Ricky is faced with a lot of pressure because he must perform well on his SAT test in order to qualify for a scholarship. He also has the added pressure of a young baby he must take care of. The SAT test is another example of the middle class measuring rod and subcultures theory in the film and how it is used to control populations. It suggests because the likelihood of the lower class succeeding in passing is smaller they are more likely to turn to crime and gang behaviour in order to fill that void. This theory does a good job of incorporating the individual and society together however it fails to represent racial discrepancies that can play a large role in society and individuals
With the advent of civilization, morality has become an issue that is interpreted in different ways depending on the angle at which one looks or evaluates from. This has given rise to three areas where morality is supposedly received or obtained. In the first area, morality can be considered relative to the laws of a given nation that stipulate as being morally right.. In the second area, morality can be said to have also been derived from religion where various religious affiliation have their own sacred scriptures by which members are expected to adhere to in a certain manner. In the third area, there is the personal source of morality.
The hidden curriculum has a big influence on pupils, its one thing to teach the child educationally but if the child is treated unjustly (no voice) by the school system then a much more negative message is given to those pupils about the nature of society. According to Functionalists, meritocracy exists in all of society. Parson (1961) believes in the wider society everyone is treated the same and that your position is determined by your effort and your will to achieve. So society is said to be meritocratic, as everybody can achieve if they want to. Durkheim (2002) Believes that there are fixed rules for all and by transmitting the norms and values across society, it is then fair and meritocratic.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation and personality developed by the psychologist Abraham H. Maslow (1908-1970). Maslow's hierarchy explains human behavior in terms of basic requirements for survival and growth. These requirements, or needs, are arranged according to their importance for survival and their power to motivate the individual. The most basic physical requirements, such as food, water, or oxygen, constitute the lowest level of the need hierarchy. These needs must be satisfied before other, higher needs become important to individuals.
One of the arguments of co-education is the idea that it provides too many distractions for students. Several scholars have argued that these distractions have led to less attention on school work and class participation, due to girls and boys trying to impress each other. Furthermore, it has also been argued that students who are intimidated by the opposite sex may also be affected by low performance and low grades. Many educators believe that single-sex education does not enforce any type of gender-based stereotypes or adolescent subculture. Due to this, single-sex schools have been established to combat these issues.
Fourth, social change does not occur rapidly, instead it is a regulated process which ensures that citizens and organizations adapt to social change properly. Fifth, when social change does occur, the parts of the system are forced to change as well as reorganize in order for balance to be reestablished. Each interdependent part of the structure serves to ensure that social order continues and society functions properly. Neofunctionalism was expanded upon by Jeffrey Alexander in the mid 1980’s. Neofunctionalism is essentially a separate theory all together from structural functionalism.
Children here begin to appreciate how rules make things function and how they can adhere to and break rules and how rules apply to them in their personal and school life. However, it is the final stage of moral autonomy at which children’s individual exercises are centered on their behaviour and they tend to act in accordance with their emerging and evolving code
Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment. • Stage 2 - Individualism and Exchange At this stage of moral development, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs. In the Heinz dilemma, children argued that the best course of action was the choice that best-served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity is possible at this point in moral development, but only if it serves one's own interests. Level 2.
There are also a few reasons as to why boys don’t tend to do so well in education. One reason is the feminisation of education. Sewell argues that as primary schools are female dominated this puts boys off education as they see learning as being feminine. Another reason could be due to their poorer literacy skills. Parents tend to spend less time reading with their sons, and the mother is usually the reader which makes boys think that reading is feminine.