How significant was Mazzini in the growth of opposition to autocratic and foreign rule in Italy in the years 1831–49? (30) Mazzini was a republican nationalist who had a significant effect in the growth of anti-autocratic feeling in Italy. He had radical aims for the future of Italy and he envisioned unification. He was the first leader to indoctrinate in the minds of Italians a vision of political unification. Mazzini created the Young Italy society after the 1831 revolutions.
Julio Serrano EN-102 Prof. Ignacio Arana 4-22-09 Fascism: Unity through Power In our modern times, the word “Fascism” makes allusion to a specific period of time, in the last century, when the world was submerged in struggles and war. Although, this term is surrounded by controversy, the theoretical government created by the Fascist ideology could be a model to follow in different conditions. The Fascist movement rose at the beginning of the 20th century, and created a nationalist system using unity through strength. Fascism is often confused with racism, because radical fascist ideas suggest that strength is a quality of superior races. For a better analysis of the topic it is necessary to understand the theory of Fascism, its roots, the people, and how it has influenced the 20th century.
Growth of support for facism was a reason for Mussolinis appointment as Prime Minister,however there were many other reasons for Mussolinis appointment as PM, but growth of support was very important for him. The war and the mutilated victory, had an affect on Mussolinis appointment as PM. The main reason wad that the nationalists were bitterly disappointed that italy didn’t make any gains during the war. The nationalists claimed that Italy had been betrayed by the Liberal government, this shows that the nationalists might have wanted to overthrow the Liberal government and therefore supported Mussolini before he was appointed. This links into the title point that Mussolini had a wide support base and that it was growing.
Although, the development of change already faced opposition from right-winged supporters, including rich landowners who feared social changes that the Republic would try to implement. Under Generals Sanjurjo, Franco and Mola, the Spanish Civil War began as a military coup, which was aimed to put an end to the democratic political change that was seen in 1931. As seen in Italy with Mussolini in 1922 and with Hitler in Germany in 1933, one could argue that the rise of fascism subsequently kick started the demand of a takeover in Spain. But, we have to bear in mind the bad timing of 1931 to implement such a change, with the worldwide economic crisis caused by the 1929 Wall Street Crash in America, and the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, there was now fear throughout Europe of communism and revolution. Although at the beginning of the rebellion, the three main generals were not actually all in Spain.
Theories and Perspectives in Twentieth Century Totalitarian Regimes Discuss Competing Perspectives On The Maintenance of Power in One or More 20th Century Totalitarian Regimes This essay will examine the maintenance of power in fascist Italy after the October 1922 ‘March on Rome’.Benito Mussolini’s political assertiveness and opportunism had helped him capitalise on the fear of a socially complex and politically divided Italy. This essay will explore the measures he and his party took to reign in Italy’s economic and social instabilities, and how he literally disposed of the country’s political divisions. Theseactions would see his fascist party, The PNF, become the first Totalitarian Regime, and the model from which later regimes would be established. I will make comparative analysisof,and identify parallels between Mussolini’s PNF and Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party in Germany and I will deliberate competing perspectives on the function and viability of the economic, political and social programmes and policies of the party. I will use quantative data where possible to give me a better insightinto both the competing academic perspectives and the influence and effectiveness of the regimes endeavours, which will go towards helpingmeformulate as informed a conclusion of my own as possible.
The years of 1919-1922 saw Benito Mussolini’s role a vital to the development of the Fascist movement as he exemplified his strength and supremacy in distinction to the weak liberal government within the period of three years. Pre 1919 and the year of 1919 saw Italy struggle through a period of social and political unrest where Italy was suffering from a bad economic slump, high rates of unemployment and anger from failed promises delivered by its Allies. Following the examples of “Action Francaise”, a counter-revolutionary movement, came the National Fascist Party, the leader being the only thing saving Italy, an arrogant man, Benito Mussolini. The First World War had left Italy with nothing but high inflation, high unemployment, large debts and the economy in a complete slump leading to social and political unrest. Influenced by the Russian Revolution of 1917, a series of strikes and revolts had broken out making Italy nothing but a ground for organised crime.
Cavour then brought Napoleon III to his side with the cities of Nice and Savoy. Italian nationalism is linked back to 1797 when Napoleon took control of the Italian peninsula and created the puppet Kingdom of Italy. He joined smaller Italian city-states into larger units to make his rule more effective. He thought Austria was weakening as he created a united and powerful Italy. Giuseppe Garibaldi was able to harness the power of the mass, most especially the peasants.
How far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzini’s ideas was the main reason for the slow progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815-1848? Nationalism is an ideology that elicits the belief that people of the same race, language, culture and traditions should be united in an independent nation of their own. This idea existing throughout ‘Italy’ at the time would have influenced and encouraged the motive of Italian unification. Since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Italy was divided up into eight different states, which made it clear that there would be divisions between the people, making the aim of unity appear more and more unrealistic. From this emerged a number of evident figures such as Guiseppe Mazzini who were advocates for Italian Unification.
Several attempts from both the left and right sides of government tried to imbue the nationalistic beliefs that were embodied in Germany before they were destroyed by their humiliating defeat in WW1. These include the Spartacist uprising, the Kapp Putsch and the Munich Beer Hall Putsch. The disillusionment felt by the people and their need to restore pride in their nation influenced many factors that led to the failure of the democracy, and to the rise of the Nazi political party and its leader Adolf Hitler. In hindsight, a mixture of political, social and economic issues, combined with nationalistic goals give grounds to the reason that nationalism mainly brought about the fall of the democracy of the Weimar Republic in Germany. By the outbreak of WW1 in August 1914, Germany was well established as a major and prominent world power.
They saw the quickly growing countries as a threat, this all lead to the First and Second World War. The great conflagrations of the 20th century were caused by the leadership, nationalism and revolutionary tactics of the unified Germany and Italy. One of the main factors that made the unifications of both Germany and Italy to become so drastic were the leaders. These men caused the shift of power in Europe; basically resulting in conflagrations of the twentieth century, mainly the first and second World Wars. Both Count Camillo Cavour of Italy and Prussian Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck brought their respective nations to unify in their own respective ways.