“Fascism also recruited admirers from the ranks of the political theorists who sought an alternative to the representative model of liberal democracy and a radical prescription against the alleged decline of western civilization” 36. “In central and eastern Europe, fascism was markedly racist and anti-Semitic. In Hitler's Germany the genocidal "Final Solution" was the consequence” 37. “The fundamental structure of fascism is sometimes taken to be an authoritarian, centralized state apparatus sustained” 38. “A revival of Latin American fascism is possible, perhaps in response to the swallowing up of national economies in globalization; violence will undoubtedly remain endemic” 39.
As described by Carl Friedrich, single party states are ‘crisis states.’ He believes this is so as single party states arise from periods of conflict, outcomes of wars, deep societal division or confusion. All of these factors leave a state vulnerable and allow for the population to be attracted to extreme measures or ideologies. One prominent reason for Mussolini’s successful bid for power is the attraction of the Fascist ideology. Founded by Mussolini in 1919, it was attractive to the Italian population who were tired of post-war unrest. Mussolini promised respite from their ‘feeble’ (AJP Taylor) government, as well as the return of law and order in Italy.
Hitler's pursuit of Lebensraum resulted in Germany exhibiting ultranationalism towards its neighbours. The ultranationalism that Germany was demonstrating led to expansionism and ultimately led the world to a second world war. Hitler created a distorted version of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, known as Social Darwinism. This principle stated that a nations strength was measured by its ability to fight and win wars; any nation displayed to be weak or unable to fight was a target for conquest. Hitler displayed ultranationalism when he put Social Darwinism into action, he was creating a master race.
When Hitler came to power within Germany in the 1930s he aimed to bring all German speaking people under one great empire and that Germans were the master race who were superior to Jews and Slavs this showed the aggressive nature of Germans foreign policy because for Hitler to bring all German speaking people into one great empire it would mean having to invade territory she had lost from ww1. Mussolini also looked to recreate an empire as powerful as the roman empire and he believed that conquering foreign territory was a sign of a great nation and great power. Italy and Germany both believed in ideology that glorified the military and believed that war was an acceptable way of accomplishing their goals. This caused both Hitler and Mussolini to create aggressive foreign policies to distract the citizens living in the countries of the terrible
How significant was Mazzini in the growth of opposition to autocratic and foreign rule in Italy in the years 1831–49? (30) Mazzini was a republican nationalist who had a significant effect in the growth of anti-autocratic feeling in Italy. He had radical aims for the future of Italy and he envisioned unification. He was the first leader to indoctrinate in the minds of Italians a vision of political unification. Mazzini created the Young Italy society after the 1831 revolutions.
Katherine Mansfield’s the fly, (1922) presents the notion of a higher power controlling our lives and the dehumanising impacts of war. Ultimately, both texts reflect the forms and concerns of modernism in a myriad of ways. The impacts of the desire to “own” can be considered as being enslaved to materialism. This is shown in the metamorphosis, where gregor and his family want to look rich and do so by using gregor and his job. This is emphasised by Kafka through his continued use of symbolism to represent a bigger picture.
He had claimed that he was the brains of the unification as well as the diplomat by saying, “We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule…. We want to drive out the foreigners not only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence and moral development.” (Document 3) Due to the Italians being so separated because it was also partially ruled by Austria, the people of Italy eventually came together and freed the North and South, therefore uniting Italy into one nation. Giuseppe Garibaldi, who was known as the “sword” of Italian unification, helped Italy’s unification in the South, by using his “Red Shirts”. Giuseppe Garibaldi stated, “O noble Thousand! I love to remember you!
However, Adolph Hitler’s Germany and Mussolini’s Italy, and Stalin’s Soviet Union threatened American democracy. World War II brought on new challenges for the FBI. As Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin, conquered Europe, the American Depression continued. The Depression provided the opportune time for radicalism in the United States as it did in Europe. European Fascists had their counterparts and supporters in the United States in the German-American Bund, Silver Shirts, and similar groups.
Continuation of History Daniela de Lara UNIT 10 Chapter Thirty-Four: By the 1930s, extreme nationalists had gained power in Italy, Germany, and Japan, which became known as the Axis powers. By seeking to exp and through military conquest, these countries began World War II. In 1941, the United States entered the war as one of the Allied powers. VOCABULARY: Totalitarianism In 1924, Joseph Stalin became the dictator of the communist Soviet Union. Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler gained power by promising to restore German strength.
Liberalism promotes equity and opportunity for the individual while fascism is all about the greater good and support of the establishment. When we look closer however, we begin to see a good many similarities. Both are reactionary ideologies, coming about as a response to some sort of perceived flaw in the current socioeconomic system. Explanation: Liberalism found its beginnings as a reactionary ideal to the feudalistic inequities of medieval Europe. During this time period, religious conformity and ascribed status dictated where and how a person was to live and what they could do with their lives.