Disease Yersinia pestis The Plague Jesus Urquijo Biology 113 Lab March 18, 2013 Microbes are what make the world what it is today. They are found in nearly every environment on earth. Each species has its own way of getting nutrients and adapting to its environment, such as pH, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and enzymes that are essential for optimum living. The majority of bacteria living on earth are harmless if not beneficial to the human race, but those few microbes that are harmful to humans are those that cause disease. They are referred to as pathogens and need to be observed so we can prevent the spreading of disease caused by those particular microbes.
All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; all have a protein coat that protects these genes; and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell. Fungi are diverse in terms of their shape, size & means of infecting humans. Fungi are eukaryotes, meaning that like parasites, their cells have a true nucleus and complex internal structures. They are most commonly found as environmentally resistant spores and molds, but can cause disease in humans in the forms of yeasts. Parasites are part of a large group of organisms called eukaryotes.
It is stated on www.biologyinfo.com that, “Not all bacteria are harmful. In fact, less than 1 percent cause disease, and some bacteria that live in your body are actually good for you”. However there are some bad bacteria which cause diseases such as, MRSA, strep throat, tuberculosis, anthrax and urinary tract infections. Viruses are a great deal smaller than bacteria. They are contained in a protein coating which makes them more difficult to destroy.
In mutualism both species benefit; in commensalism one species benefits and the other is not affected; and in parasitism the parasite benefits and harms the host. 2. Prokaryotes engage in all three types of symbiosis with eukaryotes, e.g., Rhizobium is mutualistic with plants, bacteria living within the intestines and on the skin of humans are mostly commensal but some are mutualistic, e.g., anaerobic, fermenting, bacteria living within the female vagina create an acidic environment hostile to yeast and other fungi. C. Pathogenic prokaryotes cause many human diseases 1. To be pathogenic, a parasite must invade the host, resist internal defenses long enough to begin growing, then harm the host in some way.
The nuclear membrane has a similar structure to the cell membrane but it contains gaps which allow protein to pass through. The nucleus controls almost all of the activities of the cell. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm refers to anything which is inside the cell boundary and outside the nucleus. It is a semi-fluid material which is capable of flowing slowly. Many chemical reactions are carried out in the cytoplasm.
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? What are the names for the two major groups of prokaryotes? both have a cell membrance on the outside and both have ribosomes but the eucaryotic only have membrane bound organelles. both can have the cell wal. euc.
Unit 265 Causes and spread of infection. Outcome 1 Understand the causes of infection Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria are a living organism that is found almost everywhere, in soil, water and even in the human body. Not all bacteria are harmful, and some bacteria that live in your body are helpful. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus — a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines — helps you digest food, destroys some disease-causing organisms and provides nutrients.
Plants, animals, humans, fish, birds and reptiles can all be host to parasites. Head lice, thread and other worms are all parasites; they survive by feeding on the blood of their host. Some bacteria and viruses could be considered parasites. 1:2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacterial Infections: Salmonellas/ food poisoning, tuberculosis/TB, MRSA, coccidiosis, food poisoning, dysentery, bronchitis, ear infections, tonsillitis. Viral
The first example is the prophylactic us of antibiotics in fish farms. This has led to more resistance bacteria strains which can transfer resistance to human pathogens. This in turn has promoted the evolution and spread of genes that are resistant regardless of their origin. Although the use of antibiotics by humans is not the only reason for the resistance problems, you can find strains of antibiotic resistance in fungi and bacteria that are in the soil. Our pets are reservoirs for carrying strains of antibiotic resistance bacteria that can be transferred to humans.
Vegetables are important sources of many nutrition including potassium, dietary fibre, folic acid. Vitamin A keeps eyes and skin healthy and helps to protect against infections. Vitamin C helps heal cuts and wounds and keeps teeth and gums healthy. Secondly, most of the people believe that birds and animals are made so that humans can eat them, which is entirely inappropriate. There are few religions groups who believe that all creatures are placed on earth by god’s hand.