affect the enzyme activity, to get enzymes working there should be proper ph. to avoid denaturing of enzymes, changes in pH alters ionization of charged amino acids. In an experiment to determine the pH range over which the enzyme catechol oxidase is able to catalyze its substrate, this will also help determine the optimum pH in which enzymes work best. Materials • 7 test tubes • Test tube rack • Metric ruler • China marker • Wash bottle containing 1%
Peroxisomes contain a variety of enzymes, which primarily function together to rid the cell of toxic substances, and in particular, hydrogen peroxide (a common byproduct of cellular metabolism). These organelles contain enzymes that convert the hydrogen peroxide to water, rendering the potentially toxic substance safe for release back into the cell. Some types of peroxisomes, such as those in liver cells, detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen from the poisons to molecules of oxygen (a process termed oxidation). Others are more important for their ability to initiate the production of phospholipids, which are typically used in the formation of membranes. ( Holes 2010 pg.86) In order to carry out their activities,
INTRODUCTION Enzymes are a type of protein that has a key role in helping cells carry out particular chemical reactions. It is a protein that is capable of speeding up chemical reactions by lowering the energy required to activate the reaction. It remains unaltered in the process and can be reused. Substrates, or reactants, are the original molecules before a chemical reaction occurs. The molecules that are the result of the chemical reaction is called the product.
c) Name 2 different methods of measuring pH of substances (in a laboratory)? • Probe and meter • Litmus paper 5. Explain the relationship between the natural pH of the skin and the action of: a) Microflora • The bacterial microflora on our skin are able to survive acidic conditions with a pH range 4-6. Our acidic skin protects us from harmful bacteria or pathogens, our microflora are able to breakdown the fatty acid molecules and thereby increase its
This quality is important because that makes water a good solvent (it can dissolve many things). Other polar compounds and ions can easily be dissolved in water because polar + polar = even distribution of charge, and ions have a charge, so it's attracted to the opposite charge on the water molecule. The ability of water to dissolve many solutions is essential in organisms. In the bloodstream, for example, sugars and other nutrients are dissolved so that the blood cells can carry it to cells in the body. If sugars weren't dissolved, they couldn't reach cells.
These shapes fitting together to form enzyme-substrate complexes is very important in many processes. For example, in the process of DNA replication, DNA helicase must have the correct shape in order to separate the DNA strands and DNA polymerase must have the correct shape so that free nucleotides can join to their complimentary base pair on sugar phosphate backbone to create new strands of DNA. It is also important for the nucleotides to join together with their complimentary base pair, which is more shapes fitting together to form DNA. It is also important that antigens and antibodies fit together. When a bacteria enters the body it has antigens on its surface that are recognised by the white blood cells.
1. Does the body adjust its pH by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion? Explain how it does so. Body adjust its pH by tubular secretion, because hydrogen ions generated by the dissociation分离 of the carbonic acid碳酸 are secreted by sodium-linked counter transport in exchange for Na+ in the tubular fluid and then into the bloodstream, where they help prevent changes in plasma pH. 酸离子是由于碳酸分离而生成的，碳酸是由于sodium-linked counter 跟钠交换得来的。 2.
| | | C) | Osmotic pressure caused the cell to rupture. | | | D) | The cell was damaged by bacteria. | | | | | | Feedback: Since the cells are in a hypotonic solution, water entered by osmosis until the osmotic pressure ruptured the cell. | | 6 CORRECT | | The semifluid environment inside the plasma membrane is called ____. | | | A) | endoplastic reticulum | | | B) | microtubules | | | C) | cytoplasm | | | D) | mitochondria | | | | | | Feedback: The cell's chemical processes take place in a semifluid material called the cytoplasm.
Importance of biochemistry can be seen from the fact, that it is used in many aspects of daily life, like in clinical diagnosis, manufactured of various biological products, treatment of diseases in, nutrition, agricultural. Biochemistry helps one to understand the biochemical changes and related physiological alteration in the body. * List a balanced chemical equation for each of these chemical reaction types and explain how it is used in your example above As a simple example of how to balance an equation, let us take the reaction which occurs when a large excess of mercury combines with bromine. In this case the product is a white solid which does not melt but instead changes to a gas when heated above 345°C. It is insoluble in water.
As sucrose moves out of the phloem sap and into surrounding cells (with energy), water flows out of them. This reduces the pressure in the sieve cells at the sink region (less sugar) and the water moves back to the phloem Perform a firsthand investigation to demonstrate the effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on the pH of water 1. Blowing through a straw into the water 1. High technology read the levels of water pH as the carbon dioxide from our breath was dissolved into the water Perform a firsthand investigation using the light microscope and prepared slides to gather information to estimate the size of the red and white blood cells and draw scaled diagrams of each 2. Red blood cell = 7-9 um (micro metres) 3.