| | | A) | endoplastic reticulum | | | B) | microtubules | | | C) | cytoplasm | | | D) | mitochondria | | | | | | Feedback: The cell's chemical processes take place in a semifluid material called the cytoplasm. This material provides an ideal environment for organelles because of its fluidity. | | 7 CORRECT | | This shows an example of endoplasmic reticulum. What is the significance of its structure? | | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place.
1-2-09 Glowing Bacteria Genes are pieces of DNA which hold the instructions for making proteins. The protein will then give an organism a particular trait. Genetic transformation means changes caused by genes, and requires the insertion of a gene into an organism, in order to change the trait. this technique is used by in many areas of biotechnology. Agriculturally, plants can be genetically transformed to be resistant to pesticides, spoilage, and frost.
The lac operon is a model of negative regulation because an inhibitor must be removed from the DNA to turn on the gene. It is a model of positive regulation because, as well as getting rid of the inhibitor, an activator must attach to the DNA to turn on B-gal synthesis. Molecules for hire 2. Circle the number of each Work Wanted ad that accurately describes a part of the regulation of gene transcription associated with the production of B-gal. Work Wanted Ads: Seeking Operon Position Ad #1011, Seeking Repressor Position Ad #1111, Experienced Promoter Seeks Position Ad #1122 3.
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
The bases used in DNA replication are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In RNA, uracil (U) is used instead of thymine, but in this case, that is irrelevant. Generally, in a normal human being, A is matched up with T, and G is matched up with C to makeup the complementary base pairs. An important step in the initiation of the replication process is the binding of the RNA primase. This primase attracts the nucleotides that bind to the corresponding nucleotides of the 3’-5’ strand.
Matching bases of DNA & RNA ! Double stranded DNA unzips Matching bases of DNA & RNA ! Double stranded DNA unzips T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T CG T A C CG T Regents Biology! Regents Biology! Name: ______________________ Protein Synthesis Matching bases of DNA & RNA !
Chargaff’s observations established the ____________________ ____________________ rules, which describe the specific pairing between bases on DNA strands. 23. Watson and Crick used the X-ray ____________________ photographs of Wilkins and Franklin to build their model of DNA. 24. Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be ____________________ to each other.
There are many molecules within cells and organisms that must have complimentary shapes that fit together in order for them to carry out their function. One type of molecule for which this is extremely important is enzymes. There are two models that demonstrate how this may work, the first of which is the lock and key model in which the substrate and enzyme binding site have complimentary shapes so that the substrate or subtrates fit perfectly into the enzyme, which joins or separates them. The second model, the induced fit model, is similar, however the enzyme moulds its shape to match the substrate. There are many processes in which it is important that these shapes fit, for example DNA helicase, RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase must all have the correct shape in order for DNA strands to separate, mRNA to form and DNA to then rejoin during polypeptide synthesis.
Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one. For example crossing disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another to produce a superior plant. 3)Cloning is the process of taking a single cell from an adult organism to recreate another genetically identical organism. 4)DNA fingerprinting is developed by molecular biology; it analyzes unique sections made up of a variety of DNA band. DNA fingerprinting is a powerful and crucial tool that can determine a person’s identity.
In this case, the most effective factor is the reactant concentration, where the reactant is the enzyme. Enzymes are composed of proteins; therefore their characteristics reflect the properties of proteins which are extremely interesting properties that make enzymes little chemical-reaction machines. The purpose of an enzyme in a cell is to allow the cell to carry out chemical reactions very quickly. These reactions allow the cell to build things or take things apart as needed. This is how a cell grows and reproduces.