When Calvin had arrived in Geneva, the city was in complete religious and political turmoil and this allowed him to continue writing the Institutes of Christian Religion that he had started writing in Basle. In 1541, the Little Council passed Calvin’s Ecclesiastical Ordinances which was an organisational method that Calvin had proposed that had 4 different offices of the church and explained how each person was to be appointed. This was a very important part of Calvin’s ideas that lead the success of the Genevan reformation as it was a systematic structure that shared out the responsibilities of the church and had a great emphasis on the discipline and education. The Ordinances also brought a sense of community in the city as everyone had a responsibility in running the church and the commoners knew who to go to if there were any problems. Furthermore, this led to the success of the reformation as all the appointments were passed through the Little Council.
DBQ New England and the Chesapeake region was settled by Englishmen of the same ethnicity, but by 1700 they had developed into two distinct societies. The distinction between these two societies was caused by varying economic and social organization, as well as different reasons for settlement. New England was founded for religious reasons, which became the center of social life. On the other hand, the Chesapeake colonies were founded for economic reasons, and placed a greater emphasis on cash crops and slaves to keep their economy going. The New England colonies were founded for religious freedoms, while the Chesapeake colonies were founded for economic opportunities.
Most laws were based off the bible, which the Puritans took literally. Also, infidelity in marriage and homosexuality were both crimes that could be punished by death. Economically, the Puritans who governed the colonies taxed the people for religious purposes like building chapels, etc. They also believed that the state was obliged to support and protect their one true
It must be remembered that James came from Scotland which was a Presbyterian nation and therefore came with his own set of beliefs and ideas. Elizabeth I had established the Church of England, and though it was principally run along Protestant lines there were still many Catholic elements around. The Catholic churches had lots of gold decorations and ornamentations, this angered the Puritans because they believed the main function of the Church was to preach and teach the Bible. They also believed that people would be distracted by the decorations and finery. This shows that as well as there being the
There was a clear social and economic hierarchy with the majority of the people being the lower class. As mentioned Russia’s population consisted of 77% peasants. In society and work there was a focus on your social class, this would also dictate your wealth and opportunities. This division was often illustrated in propaganda such as the “Russian wedding cake”. Russia was seen as having a feudal system where the working class (peasants) were holding up everyone above them and retaining nothing.
He changed his mind because he believed that freeing the serfs was the only way to prevent them from revolting. Facts of Freeing the Serfs In 1861 Alexander created an emancipation, or freedom, law, which said that serfs could now marry, own property, and argue court cases. Each landowner had to determine the area of land owned by the serfs. Landowners also had to pay the serfs for the work they did. Each peasant family received their house and a certain amount of land.
18. Who was Charlemagne and what title did the pope bestow on him? *Charlemagne was the Powerful king of the Franks and he obtained the title of emperor by the Pope crowning him the Emperor of Rome by acting as the Vicar of Christ. 19. What were the obligations of lords and vassals, and of lords and serfs, to one another? The Lords provided the vassals and serfs with land and protection and the vassals had to fight for the lords and the serfs had to pay rent and farm the land of the lords.
In the middle ages, three distinctive kinds of peasants existed: the serfs, slaves and the freemen. Serfs made up only half of the population for peasants. A serf was under the command of his lord and had to abide by his rules. He then contained absolutely no political rights. Alike the serfs,
Most of the population were peasants or serfs, trying to earn a subsistence living working the land. What little learning there was could be found in the Church. But the Church was largely under the control of local lords. Most churches and monasteries had been founded by members of the nobility who often exerted control over the institutions they had established. The Cluniac reforms had begun a revival movement within the Church, but it had had little effect on the institutional structures of the Church.
Second, people were divided into three different groups, depending on their ability to work, into children, the able-bodied , and the “impotent poor,” who were adults unable to work. Aid was then given based on the group in which one fell. Children were given apprenticeships or were indentured, where as the able-bodied were given a job, and the “impotent poor” were given institutional relief. Third was that the responsibility of the care for poor or sick laid with their family. The government only stepped in if the family was unable to provide adequate