The Gulag: Forced Labor Camps In Russia

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The Gulag There is one word that will strike fear into the heart of any Russian: Gulag. It has become something of a taboo, because most people who spoke freely of these forced labor camps ended up in them. The word Gulag itself is actually an acronym for the government branch that was in charge of the penal system, but over time it turned into a noun that could describe any type of labor camp in Russia. Starting off as a small experimental program, the success shown by the first labor camps prompted hundreds of other camps to be opened throughout the entire USSR. Depending on the region, conditions could vary considerably from camp to camp. They all had one thing in common though: they were all strategically placed so that if one managed…show more content…
The first task assigned to each prisoner was to build his own shelter. Then the real work began. Much of their energy was spent mining or building roads and railways. Some who had special skills were allowed to perform certain tasks and they received better rations. Each prisoner was given a small piece of bread and a cup of coffee at the beginning of each day, and another cup of coffee at night. The smart ones learned to save some bread for night. It was hardly enough nutrition at all, and many died from malnutrition or starvation. They were not given adequate clothing for the climate, the living quarters were overcrowded and disease ridden, and many times they did not have the proper tools for their assigned duties. All of these things led to a high mortality rate. The worst place to be though was Siberia, where summer is nothing but a fairy tale and the ground is covered in snow at all times. Prisoners were sent to camps in large groups, sometimes numbering in the thousands. Herded into cattle cars in the freezing cold, many did not know where they were being sent. In a way it was like the Holocaust, only not as cruel. The trains would travel at night so that when they went by the few pockets of civilization, no one would see the prisoners. Eventually the railroad ended, and prisoners were chained together a forced to march hundreds of miles to their destinations. This fate was not shared by all though, only the most remote (and therefore deadliest) camps required this forced march. Many perished before they even found out where they were going
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