In determining this unknown bacteria, number two, many tests were performed. The tests that helped identify this bacteria were gram-stain, motility, Simmons citrate, lactose testing, and methyl red testing. All of the tests that were stated and recorded on the comparative analysis chart also tribute to uncovering the unknown bacteria, but they were not the critical tests needed. In the gram-stain tests, the bacteria was indicated as negative and the shape of the bacteria were rods. Motility was noted under the microscope by evidence of the bacteria moving around on the slide.
They have no internal membranes, no nuclear membrane, no endoplasmic reticulum, no mitochondria and no Golgi body. They do however have a cell wall but it is not made of cellulose. Protoctists are mostly small eukaryotic organisms, with membrane bound organelles and a nucleus, with a nuclear membrane. In this kingdom organisms such as algae, water moulds, slime moulds and protozoa are found. Fungi are also eukaryotic.
In Microbiology Lab 3 I chose the unknown culture #14 and ultimately identified it as Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. On a microscopic level I found the organism to be gram positive with a coccobacillus shape and both tetrad and cluster cell arrangement. I performed an isolation streak with S. epidermidis on Nutrient Agar which resulted in pinpoint, round, entire, and flat macroscopic morphology. I took a loopful of the organism from the Nutrient Agar and placed it on a slide to perform the catalase test. I added a few drops of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide and it resulted in bubble formation.
Causes and spread of infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses fungi and parasites Bacteria: A bacteria is a single celled organism that is essential for all life. They are either a parasite or live independently. Bacteria have three basic shapes that include spiral, coccus and bacillus. Bacteria multiply themselves by cell division. Antibiotics can usually kill them.
In this experiment there were main 4 hypothesis made according to each agar plate each with a different types of genes on them. There are two genes that are on the agar plate and not in the solution it is the ampicillin and the arabinose genes. The ampicillin gene (amp) is a gene which acts like an antibiotic that kill the bacteria but when used with the pGLO plasmid it lets it survive because of the ampicillin resistant. The arabinose
E. coli has even been used to synthesize human insulin. Other strains are pathogenic, causing diarrhea, urinary tract infection and even fatal illness. Unlike some bacteria, E. coli cannot tolerate harsh environments, and instead thrive at 37°C. The primary goal of this experiment is to examine the growth of E. coli on bacterial lawns in order to determine expired mouthwash’s efficiency as an antibacterial product. Since it is expired, the mouthwash should not perform well as an antibacterial agent.
It is for this reason that Identification of bacteria is very important in the many areas of microbiology (Singh, 2009). There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The reasons range from medical purposes, such as determining if the unknown could cause ailments in living things or knowing what microorganisms are needed to make antibiotics to other purposes such as knowing the exact microorganism has to be used to make certain foods (Burton, 2003). Throughout this report we will be addressing the differences in methods of identifying unknown microorganisms and differentiate between the results of these techniques by explaining how each outcome was achieved. The main aim of these experiments is to determine whether the unknown microorganisms are of Gram-Positive or Gram Negative nature and ultimately to determine exactly what kind on microorganism the unknowns are.
Cause and Spread of Infection 1. Understand the Causes of Infection 2.1 Identify the Differences Between Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Parasites Viruses are extremely small pieces of nucleic acid that are surrounded by a thin protein coat. They are different from other infectious microorganisms because they cannot replicate outside of a living host cell. They synthesize energy from their host cell and do not have a cell membrane, cell wall or cell nucleus. They have genes but lack a cellular structure.
Not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane. Appear in several shapes; bacillus rod-like, coccus spherical or ovoid, spiral corkscrew or curved star-shaped or square. Individual bacteria may form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings; such formations are usually characteristic of a particular genus or species of bacteria. Bacteria grown in a given time in media are called a culture. A pure culture is often a clone, a population of cells from a single
Once introduced to an antibiotic, if not eradicated, the bacteria will produce “offspring” that are resistant to that particular antibiotic (VanMeter, VanMeter, & Hubert, 2010). In addition, plasmids (freely-moving pieces of DNA in the cytoplasm) often carry genetic material for resistance and can transfer it from one cell to another, even crossing bacterial species (McKinney, 2013). Compounding the issue, the overuse of antibiotics has given resistance to many strains and many species that otherwise would never have been exposed. Practices like prescribing a much more powerful antibiotic than is necessary combined with patients’ tendencies to stop treatment once they feel a relief of symptoms have only strengthened latent bacteria (Aziz, 2013). Some doctors report that they feel obligated to provide a prescription to a patient, even when the cause of the illness is not yet proven to be bacterial (Bersch, 2010).