In 1512, the Pope expelled him from the Church. In 1521, he is summoned before the Holy Roman Emperor to the Diet at the city of Worms where he refuses to change his opinions. The Emperor declares him an outlaw and condemns his writings. How did the clergy react to Luther's ideas? They saw it as an answer to Church corruption.
In 1517 when Martin Luther posted the “Ninety-Five-Theses,” he started a chain reaction. He wrote them to express his disagreement with the church and the Popes who were
Luther believed that all believers should abide by the words of ‘our Lord and Master Jesus Christ” and repent of our sins (Morris, 1998, p. 56). The problem Luther had with the Catholic Church and the priests specifically was the use of the word of God as a sacramental penance, rather than a real act of repentance from the heart intending to change the behavior of the man (Lohse, 1998, p. 4). Luther demands that the inward changes be reflected by the outward actions that the world can see (Lohse, 1998, p. 4). If one is harsh to others outwardly, their inward harshness is just as readily seen. Man must see their repulsion to sin must continue or
He reduced clerical privileges and, by charging the clergy with Praemunire, he undermined their power as representatives of the Pope in order to strengthen his own. Henry set about introducing the Bible in the vernacular and reducing the number of holy sacraments, having declared himself head of the Church, he began to make England a Protestant country. However, historians are divided over the extent of Henry’s influence and his motives. Some believe that the reformation was a ‘grassroots’ and progressive change caused either by anticlericalism and corruption in the church or by opposing movements like Lollardy and Lutherism. Even those who believe that the reformation came from above, like Haigh and Scarisbrick, disagree over Henry’s motives, whether he was persuaded by his desire for Anne or his pressure for an heir or by the influential factions in court or even by the financial or political advantages a break with Rome would offer.
The crusaders with the help of the Venetians rebelled and they sacked Constantinople for three days against the warnings from the pope. After all of this was over one of the French Knights, Count Baldwin made himself emperor and a Venetians was me the Patriarch of the Eastern Church. The Pope in the West excommunicated them. Answer to Question 2 According to the Islam Chapter, the Muslim profess six articles of faith. The first of the six articles believes that there is only one God and He is the only One.
Luther spoke out against clerical celibacy, papal abuses, salvation by works, and other Catholic doctrines. Luther proves to be the better reformer because of his full commitment to reformation. He did not involve himself with the teachings and rituals of the Catholics, within his writings and words he tore down what he found corrupt. Erasmus on the other hand was a Catholic priest, even though he wanted to reform, there was still a part that did not want to fight the church upfront because of his role. Erasmus tried to find a middle road approach, but this only disappointed scholars from both sides.
But in 1685, the year in which Locke wrote the First Letter concerning religious toleration, Louis XIV had revoked the Edict of Nantes, and the Huguenots were being persecuted and forced to emigrate on mass. People in England were keenly aware of the events taking place in France. In England itself, religious conflict dominated the 17th century, contributing in important respects to the coming of the English civil war, and the abolishing of the Anglican Church during the Protectorate. After the Restoration of Charles II, Anglicans in parliament passed laws which repressed both Catholics and Protestant sects such as Presbyterians, Baptists, Quakers and Unitarians who did not agree with the doctrines or practices of the state Church. Of these various dissenting sects, some were closer to the Anglicans, others more remote.
The defeat brought about English nationalism and in contrast Spain was humiliated and nearly emptied its national treasury, (Defeat of the Spanish Armada). During the first half of the sixteenth century England experienced the Protestant Reformation. In 1517 Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to a church in Wittenberg, Germany. Little did he know this would start a new religion called Protestantism. King Henry VIII of England was at first opposed to Luther’s ideas, but when he broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s, he supported Protestantism.
1. Which was a major result of the Protestant Reformation? a) new Christian denominations emerged b) religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities c) the Crusades were organized d) the power of the Pope was strengthened 2. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for a) religious revolt against the German princes b) reforms within the Roman Catholic Church c) greater papal authority d) Crusades to spread Christianity 3. Who did Luther think had too much power? a) the King b) the Nobles c) the Pope d) the Knights 4.
They raised calls to reform institutions, improve clerical education, and change basic doctrines. During the sixteenth century, the great humanist Erasmus published The Praise of Folly in order to “criticize abuses in the church and in society and to promote greater inwardness and purer spirituality in religion” (I, 1) in a satirical way by ridiculing the nobles and the pedants. In the early 16th century, Pope Leo X authorized the sale of indulgences in order to finance the building of Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Erasmus didn’t agree with the sale of indulgences. In The Praise of Folly, he expressed his opinion of the sale of indulgences when he says “by this easy way of purchasing pardons, any notorious highwayman, any plundering soldier, or any bribe-taking judge shall disburse some part of their unjust gains, and so think all their grossest impieties sufficiently atoned for” (I, 1).