Their research included integrating individual differences such as relational-interdependent self-construal (RISC) and communal orientation and how this integration can benefit the relationship process. Ultimately, they were able to provide evidence to conclude the best strategies for maintaining important, satisfying relationships. Similarly, this case study
The similarity model was proposed by Byrne, Clone and Smeaton, it's main assumption is that similarity promotes liking It proposes that there are two stages in relationship formation; stage one where we sort possible individuals for dissimilarity and avoid those most different to us, and stage two, where we choose out of the remaining, the individuals which are most similar to us. The two key areas of similarity are personality and attitudes, research has constantly shown that people are more likely to be attracted to others who have similar personality traits. Research also suggests that a process of 'Attitude Alignment' often occurs where partners modify their attitudes so they become more similar. Lehr and Geher provide support for attitude similarity, they studied men and women to test the importance of attitude similarity and recipricol attraction in liking. They were give a description of a stranger with varying degrees of similarity to the participants.
This psychology is extremely complex and is a definite link with cultural psychology. Cultures are rarely homogeneous so within the same setting individuals have to be assessed in a culturally appropriate manner. Defining Cross-Cultural Psychology Cross-cultural psychology uses critical thinking and comparative studies of the cultural effects on human psychology (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). In this comparative field, at least two cultural groups are observed and compared by the essential component of critical thinking. Cross-cultural psychology studies the relations between cultural standards and behavior and also in the manner how certain activities influence individuals by dissimilar cultural forces (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
. “Three assumptions underlie this principle. First, that people build identities by making psychological commitments to social institutions in the form of social roles, such as work, marriage, family, and community” ( Roberts, 2004). When a person decides to get married, he or she is no longer single, thus his or her identity changes. Second, “social roles come with the own set of expectations and contingencies that promote a reward structure that calls for becoming more socially dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and less neurotic” ( Roberts, 2004) .
This theory is objective because this theory attempts to explain and predict that the deeper you penetrate into someone's personality onion, the deeper relationship you will form with that person. Annotated References Chen, Y., & Nakazawa, M. (2009). Influences of Culture on Self-Disclosure as Relationally Situated in Intercultural and Interracial Friendships from a Social Penetration Perspective. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 38(2),
Using the articles below, and material from 'connected lives', describe how relational identities are often characterised by inequality. This TMA draws upon information provided in ‘The Act’ and ‘Connected Lives’, examining the arguments that social identities are often characterised by inequality. We begin by looking at identity, different types and definitions. Identity defines who someone is, a name or description of who they are. Identification is the process through which one or more identities form someone’s personal identity, defined by themselves or other people.
Discuss research into the maintenance of relationships (8+16marks) Start with a summary sentence: Research into the maintenance of relationships has potentially massive applications to everyday life: If psychology can offer suggestions as to how couples can happily stay in a relationship then ideally the world could be a happier place. Both Social Exchange Theory and the Equity theory which espoused from it attempt to explain the maintenance of relationships. However methodological, cultural issues and theoretical flaws mean that applying research findings into useful settings is somewhat compromised. One theory of relationship maintenance is Social Exchange Theory (SET) Thibault & Kelly (1959) This suggests that relationships are maintained when an individual can maximise the benefits and minimise costs within a relationship. This is regarded as an economic model as it theoretically gives numerical values to emotions and feelings.
“An individual’s interaction with others and the world around them can enrich or limit their experience of belonging.” Personal relationships can provide a deep sense of belonging and profoundly influence our values, attitudes and beliefs. Peter Skrzynecki’s poems “Feliks Skrzynecki” and “10 Mary Street” reflect upon what it means to belong and its ability to enrich or inhibit the individual’s sense of belonging. Similarly Shaun Tan’s 2006 graphic novel “The Arrival” delves into the migrant experience and the explores the process of belonging. Together these texts reveal how an individual’s relationships with the people and the world around them can limit or enrich their sense of belonging. The poem “Feliks Skrzynecki” explores the concept
Q1.1 Explain what is meant by * Diversity Diversity by definition is to introduce variety, to vary or to expand one’s range of services. In the context of caring is that the service user has different needs be it cultural needs and companionship. * Treating each person as an individual. * Respecting and promoting individual views, right to express his or her own identity and life style. * Responsibility of the carer not to discriminate against others on the basis that the individual’s identity lifestyle or culture is morally superior to that of others.
They can value and celebrate differences in others rather than maintain an ethnocentric stance and can demonstrate comfort with differences between themselves and others. They have an awareness of personal and professional limitations that may warrant the referral of a client to another victim service provider or agency that can best meet the clients' needs. Self-awareness also helps in understanding the process of cultural identity formation and helps guard against stereotyping. As one develops the diversity within one’s own group, one can be more open to the diversity within other groups. Cultural competence also requires victim service providers to appreciate how workers need to move from cultural awareness to cultural sensitivity before achieving cultural competence, and to evaluate growth and development throughout these different levels of cultural competence in practice.