The reward/need satisfaction theory suggests that people form romantic relationships because they feel they are rewarded by being with that person. The things we find rewarding tend to reflect our unmet needs, for example the need for company or financial security. Mutual attraction occurs when each partner meets the other person’s needs. One person might have the need for financial security, while another craves company. Stimuli that is rewarding produces positive feelings in us, and stimuli that is punishing produces negative feelings.
“HAPPINESS COMES FROM OUTSIDE AND WITHIN” Within this essay I will be attempting to explain the above statement which is attributed to Richard Layard by Spors et al (2007). Happiness can be quite difficult to quantify as it is very subjective. Spoors et al define happiness as a positive feeling covering a range of emotions from joy to contentment. Within the context of the essay title “outside” is a reference to our social identities. I will be looking at the ways in which the roles that we play, the impact of groups which we belong to and our cultural identity can impact on us positively.
Dodgy Deals 1. Research legal and ethical requirements that affect high fee short term credit loans. Create a brochure warning about rules and possible contracts. 2. Construct a table comparing and contrasting different types of short term credit agreements.
Outline and evaluate one or more theories of the formation of romantic relationships. (9+16) 25 Marks. The reward/need satisfaction theory says that there are negative and positive stimuli in our lives, we repeat behaviours which produce positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli (operant conditioning). Similarly, attraction through association links on from rewards and punishments, but follows the basis of classical conditioning. We are more likely to form a relationship with those people who are associated with pleasant event e.g.
Monetary Policy Aaron Ashburn MMPBL/501 Feb-21, 2011 Dr. George Sharghi Introduction There is a consensus among analysts regarding the ability of economist’s to accurately forecast inflation, and consequently it appears that the relationship between real economic activity and inflation is ambiguous. It is the Fed's job to do what it can to reduce unemployment in order for the economy to sustain and to make sure that inflation returns to a level more consistent with its mandate. The central focus of U.S. monetary policy is price stability. Thanks to its control of money markets and banks, the Fed influences interest rates, asset prices, and credit flows throughout the financial system. To help attain inflation goals the Federal
This view point is widely accepted in current macroeconomic literature. The third is the concept of the speed of adjustment, of a variable over time, depending on which variables are more quicker and which are more slower, for example Keynes believed that quantity adjustment is faster than price. The forth perspective is that the short run and long run are connected to each other and are not independent; believing that the long run is in fact made up out of the short run, thus the short run has an impact on the long run. Consequently there are very contrasting interpretations on the differences between the short run and long run this essay will discuss these issues in reference to the neutrality of money. The Classical Dichotomy was a term introduced by Patinkin in the 50s to describe what classical economists believed the standard model of the economy was.
The world being flat is symbolically described in Friedman’s novel for his theory of imminent total globalization. Ghemawat otherwise disagrees, he feels that national borders nevertheless have a bearing on the global economy. Through Pankaj’s research on investment, phone calls, tourism, and immigration he is able to theorize that the actual extent of globalization is only at about 10%. That figure is strikingly below the visualization Friedman described in his novel. While Friedman believes globalization has changed core economic concepts, Ghemawat’s research indicated four areas of differences “…those related to cultural (language, customs, religion, ethnicities, etc.
Pricing strategy & practice The two components of a fair price: social and personal Sarah Maxwell Fordham University, New York, New York, USA Lucette Comer Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to isolate the effects of personal fairness (the consumer’s evauation of the magnitude of the price) and the social fairness (the acceptability of the price given the social norms of the society). Design/methodology/approach – This research adapted the scenarios used in the pivotal fair pricing study conducted by Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler. To demonstrate the difference between their results and the results when personal and social fairness were separated, the analysis replicated that of Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler. Findings – The paper finds that an individual’s self-serving concern for a personally fair price is moderated by their other-serving concern for a socially fair price. Research limitations/implications – This research demonstrates that there is a significant difference in the personal and social fairness of price, whether it is a price for goods, wages or rents.
Weber’s concept of rationalization refers to the “disenchantment” of the world-the displacement of “magical elements of thought”by ideas which “gain in systematic coherence and naturalistic consistency”. Rationalization should be interpreted, in the broader sense as the intensification of means-oriented reason in social and technical organization as well as action/thought Formal rationality of economic action…used to designate the extent of quantitative calculation or account which is technically possible and which is actually applied” and substantive rationality involving the degree to twhich the provisioning of given groups of persons…with goods is shaped by economically oriented social action udner some criterion (past, present or potential) of ultimate values regardless of the nature of these ends. “the maximum of formal rationality in capital accounting is possible only wehre workers are ubjected to domination by enrepreneurs” Weber asserts that his “is a futher specific element of substantive irrationality in the modern economic order’ Domination: the situation in which the manifested will (command) of the ruler or rulers is meant to influence the conduct of one or more others (the ruled) and actually does influence it in such a way that their conduct to a socially relevant degree
Running head: REACTION PAPER Reaction Paper Understanding Coping in Context Caroline Lambert, A.S., B.S. California State University, Los Angeles The role of risk and protective processes in individual outcome is very interesting to me as it breaks down the multiple aspects of the individuals’ world which shape their ability to cope with stress, resulting in either a positive or negative outcome. What is so interesting about these processes was that they exist at multiple ecological levels, each influencing the other. These include individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, community resources, and macrosystem resources. Therefore, an individual with many protective factors such as optimism, multiple healthy relationships among family and friends to whom they can reach out to for help, and active involvement in the community, is more likely to be able to handle macrosystem stressors such as having no healthcare.