All wounds, even minor cuts and scrapes, should be treated as contaminated and potentially serious and should be carefully cleaned to prevent infection. Some wounds, like in this case a bite, always carry a high risk of infection, especially because the wound contained imbedded foreign material (the tooth of the fish). This wound should have been left open to drain and medical consultation should have followed immediately; these wounds require antibiotic therapy and careful follow-up. Yet, an infection would still occurred, whether the tooth of the fish was in the wound or not, because of the bacteria that gotten into the wound and because the wound was not treated properly. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1.2 Describe how breaking the chain of infection minimizes the spread of infection. Breaking the chain of infection by targeting one or more links can prevent the spread of infection. This usually involves: Eradicating the source of infection through appropriate antimicrobial therapy; preventing the method of spread through infection prevention and control measures; * such as hand and personal hygiene; * use of Personal Protective Equipment ; * environmental cleaning; * decontamination of equipment; * Disposal of waste. Protecting the individual at risk by immunization; Preventing microorganisms from entering the body by: * wearing protective clothing; * using an aseptic technique when handling invasive devices or dressing wounds; * Covering wounds and insertion sites with sterile dressings etc. It will not be possible to identify all service users who have an infection.
Some of these symptoms occur as a result of the body detoxifying itself to fend off the mycotoxins. Other symptoms occur due to the presence of microbial volatile organic compounds, fumes that impact the central nervous system. The longer you breathe in black mold, the greater your risk. Possible Cancer Risk • The Environmental Protection Agency states that more research is needed before absolutely confirming a link between black mold and cancer, but also notes that evidence shows a possible link between mycotoxins and liver cancer. Given that mycotoxins may have carcinogenic properties, you should immediately remove yourself from any black mold environment and have the spores professionally removed.
The most popular theory is that the body’s immune system reacts abnormally in people with Crohn’s disease, mistaking bacteria, foods, and other substances for being foreign (www.gicare.com). The immune system’s response is to attack the invaders. During this process, white blood cells accumulate in the lining of the intestines, producing chronic inflammation, which leads to ulcerations and bowel injury. Scientists do not know if the abnormality in the functioning of the immune system in people with Crohn’s disease is cause, or a result, of the disease (www.gicare.com). Researches have shown that the inflammation seen in the GI tract of people with Crohn’s disease involves several factors such as genes the patient has inherited, immune system and environmental factors
It can be caused by raw meat coming in contact with already prepared food or unwashed food, and undercooked food. The main cause of salmonella is coming in contact with feces from a person or animal. As gross as this sounds it does happen due to people not washing their hands, thus causing salmonella to enter the body and go into the intestines and that is where it lives until killed. It is a very small bacteria that cannot be seen by the human eye just by microscope. Salmonella is very serious when it is contacted and can be deadly, so make sure you follow proper hygiene to ensure that you are getting any bacteria off of your food and hands.
These being, E.Coli and S.Albus. Some of the developed antibiotics work on all forms of bacterial life, this means destroying of all bacteria it gets in contact with. Some act on a range of bacterial life, giving us the answers to which affect and do not affect the bacteria. Lastly some do not have any affect on the bacteria at all. In order to find out which antibiotics work on the bacteria, doing an agar plate test is the best way to get answers.
MRSA: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Date: 12/17/2013 MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a staph bacteria that is resistant to methicillin antibiotics, which are normally used to treat staph infections. Since it is resistant to these antibiotics, it is commonly referred to as a super bug. It becomes resistant due to improper and overuse of antibiotics. The overuse of antibiotics enables the bacteria to build up immunity to antibiotics so that they are less effective.
Diuretics – this helps to control water in the body. Antacids – counteracts acidity. The common adverse reactions to the above medication are: Headache, dizziness, diarrhoea, constipation, stomach pains, feeling or being sick, wind , dry or sore mouth or throat, skin rash, itching, changes in liver function test values and tiredness. Each of the above can be recognised very easily, except for the liver function which would be found through a blood test. Medication should be stopped immediately and medical help sought.
The only downside to this option is that it can result in a high risk of the lesion returning. Another option is chemotherapy which is the use of chemicals that kill the cells. Radiation too is an option and that is the use of ionizing radiation beams that kill cells. Both of these methods are very extreme and draining on a patient. They become very weak and sick through these treatments because they kill not only malignant cells but healthy ones as well.
Finnally the immune system eliminates viruses if it is able to reproduce. When we are stressed in a chronic way, cortisol is released as a part of the pituitary adrenal system. One of the effects of extra cortisol is that it reduces the amount of white blood cells including killer T cells. T cells are important when in regards to fighting antigens. This means, the immune system does not work as effectively, so that we are more prone to colds, flu and other viral and bacterial illnesses.