The contingency theory is based on the approach to achieve specific goals, such as crime control. This theory would suggest the creation of specialized “task forces” to handle certain crimes committed in the jurisdiction. The downfall with this theory is that a department can become too specialized and broken into different departments that it cannot adapt to changes. The final theory, resource dependency, is as the name suggests. Agencies following this theory would believe that in order to survive they need to adjust their policing efforts to a style that will yield the most money coming in.
It requires change from conventional too tough purposefully methods shared with better aptitude. This primarily led to the improvement of predictive policing in 1994 by NYPD. Conventional methods include casual patrolling which has limited ability to discover crime because patrolling entire location may not be feasible. This would involve additional police personnel and lot of time. Exact expectancy, timely targeted action and reduce resources for casual patrolling turns into achievable goals.
As police agencies try to engage in any community events in crime prevention and public safety, they face several obstacles. One of the obstacles is police and coordinated planning, such as the DARE program, and neighborhood watch. Disappointing results from police and coordinated planning have always come up in evaluation studies. When planning comes together, resources are available through planning and usually more effective. The other obstacle is
The ‘broken windows’ hypothesis suggests that maintaining order through the management of minor offenses is an essential function of public police (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). In their article, Wilson and Kelling argue that if minor instances of crime and disorderly behavior are not addressed, more serious forms of disorder and increased levels of crime will follow. “Disorder and crime are usually inextricably linked, in a kind of developmental sequence,” (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). This hypothesis was based on the findings from observations of foot patrol officers managing the occurrences of disorder on their beats, and led the authors to suggest that in order to combat crime, police must refocus their efforts on neighborhood disorder. The concept of ‘broken windows’ is appealing to police departments attempting to reduce crime and restore order in their communities.
", 2014). HOW DOES REACTIVE PATROL DIFFER FROM PROACTIVE PATROL? Proactive patrol and or proactive policing is the practice of deterring criminal activity by showing police presence and engaging in the public to learn their concerns, thereby preventing crime from taking place to begin with ("Proactive Policing", March 2014). Reactive patrol on the other hand, as I stated previously,
Information Technology in policing can be used to optimize these five components through (1) analyzing patrol staffing and resource allocation, (2) predicting time and location of future incidents based on previous criminal patterns, (3) identifying suspects/persons-of-interest whom are likely to reoffend, (4) analyzing predation patterns and (5) conducting vulnerability/threat assessments, providing real-time traffic control, predicting increased criminal activity, suggesting best locations for random DUI screenings, et cetera (Pearsall, 2010) (Adams, 2012) (Morgan, Predictive Policing Symposium: Technical Breakout Session, 2012). Random street patrols are most effective in reducing crime when performed by senior officers that are
Officers have to use their best judgment in every situation but keep themselves and the public safe from harm (NIJ, 2012). Discuss how the use of force policy was created The use of force policy was created for officers to have a guideline on how to resolve a situation. The use of force had different levels for officers to refer to when in a situation and there are techniques to follow before using excessive force, but it is up to the officer to use their best judgment and discretion on how to handle a situation (NIJ, 2009). Key actors involved in making the policy The key actors who are involved in making the use of force policies would be the department heads of the police station, surveys based on citizen’s interactions with officers. There are also laws involved with use of force, therefore the Civil Rights Division which is part of the Department of Justice to protect individual’s rights from being infringed upon from police agencies.
Therefore, by having sufficient evidence this would be enough to convict a criminal in the court of law. Crime control is based on handling crimes that occur with a quick and effective outcome. For example if the prosecutor does not have strong evidence to receive a conviction there is a slight chance the offender’s case will get dismissed. Therefore, emphasizing the capacity to arrest, and convict a high proportion of offenders in other words put the criminal in jail first and question later. However, with the “due process an individual is allowed their day in court if suspected of a crime because of United States constitution.
The purpose also is if law enforcement was to take the evidence it would not be used in the court of law unless issue or that person can be set free of all charges. Basically one wrong moved can make us lose a suspect of a horrible crime if we are not careful. Law enforcement just need to be cautious so they are doing their jobs correct, and setting a person free will get them into trouble (cjlf.org, 2011). When we are identifying the exclusionary rule it is a great rule to have so police have to stop and think. Police have to think before they search because it could cost them a lot if they just do what they want.
In contrast, the due process model emphasizes "protecting the rights of the accused through formal, legal restraints on the police, courts, and corrections" (Gaines). Under the due process model, the same case would face would be put under a microscope and carefully examined; every piece of evidence, every witness testimony would be scrutinized in order to ensure a fair trial is delivered. The due process is more beneficial to the criminal justice system because it protects everyone's rights equally by regulating the police and courts. The due process model is what separates