The changes in government programs such as Medicare caused a reduction of gross patient service revenue. Research funding was not covering 100% its own expenses, having to use clinical revenues to cover them and subsequently affecting education programs. Analysis Although well distinguished for their highly specialized tertiary and quaternary care, both hospitals faced similar rate drops in the percentage of utilized beds. BWH rate dropped from 88.7% in 1988 to 79.6% in 1993. At MGH the decline was 87.6% in 1988 to 78.4% in 1993 as well.
Introduction The numbers tell the story of the coming nursing shortage. In 2007, there were an estimated 8.5% of unfilled nursing positions and that number is expected to triple to 29% by 2020 as 80 million baby boomers retire and are added to the ranks of Americans needing care (Herbst, 2007). Among nurses in field 28% say they are dissatisfied with their job and 51% say they are somewhat dissatisfied (Buerhaus, 1987). Labor shortages can happen in any field but when there is a shortage of nurses to care for patients the quality of care, safety, and patient satisfaction can be compromised to a dangerous level. Since the late 1980’s the demand for nurses has been escalating as the numbers of nurses in the field have dropped (Buerhaus, 1987).
Falls are important to be monitored due to rising cost of care for patients who have fallen, and this will help decrease the chance of harm to patients. The dashboard monitored total of patient falls per 1000 patient days per quarter. There were 4 quarters monitored during this time frame with a goal of 3.14 falls per 1000 patient days. The reported falls ranged from 0 to 9.19. The decline of falls in the third quarter of 2009 in which the goal was reached with 0 falls; however, the other three quarters the goal was not met because there was 5.97 to 9.19 reported falls.
In 2006, one in five women aged 45 were childless – double that of twenty years previously. Since women are choosing to not have children – the birth rate and there fore family size has fallen since 1900. Another factor is the decline in the infant mortality rate – the number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1000 babies born alive per year. Many sociologists argue that a fall in IMR leads to a fall in birth rate because if many infants die, parents have more children to replace those they have lost and thus increasing the birth rate. This is proven since in 1900 the IMR in the UK was 154 and by 2007 it had sharply declined to 5, owing to many factors including improved housing and better sanitation.
They also employed 168,000 employees which was almost 1% of the total U.S. labor force. Decades later, USS’s investment and technology strategies started becoming less aggressive. Their U.S. market share declined and was only around 20% at the beginning of 1980. The economic recession hit in early 1980’s. Manufacturing costs for USS were high due to their lack of investments in new technologies.
In FY 2010 VA’s ranking dropped from 16 to 23 out of 28 of the large Federal agencies. Principle corrective strategies should focus on improving communications, education, and competencies on EEO and diversity issues” (Message from the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2010). “High volume of discrimination complaints: The per capita filing rate at the informal stage remained steady at 1.46 percent from FY 2009 to FY 2010 (slightly higher than the government-wide average of 1.39 percent); and the formal filing rate decreased from .76 percent to 0.72 percent (still higher than the government-wide average is of 0.60 percent). While the Department has made some progress in the last couple of years, continued work is needed to reach the government-wide levels. VA experienced an increase in findings of discrimination for FY 2010 (22 in FY 2009 versus 33 in FY 2010).
Everyone else may have to wait quite a while before being seen. In fact, the average wait for emergency treatment nationwide is about two hours. Demand for ED visits is on the rise and EDs are becoming overcrowded largely due to reduced inpatient capacity and impaired patient flow. The Institute of Medicine reports that American ED visits grew more than twice as fast as population between 1993 and 2003, and that 60% of hospitals operated at or over capacity in 2001. Several factors likely contribute to the rise in ED use, such as the increase in elderly and chronically ill Americans, overworked or lack of primary care
One of the effects of shift lag has been found to be decreased alertness. Shift workers often experience a circadian trough where there alert levels plummet. This usually occurs between 12:00am and 4:00am and is due to reduced body temperature and a decrease in cortisol levels. This effect of shift work has been supported by research carried out by Moor Ede. It has been found that the decreased alertness, as a result of shift lag, costs the USA seventy billion dollars per year.
To what extent and in what ways does the ageing population present potential challenges for modern societies? The population in Britain has an ageing population due to a mixture of declining births and life anticipation. This trend is being quite worse by unavoidable retirement from the so called baby boom generations which will occur over the next few decades. The so called baby boomers have been born from the first few decades form the second world war and now its time for them to retire or some may have retired. During this period of time there have been around seventeen millions births which have been recorded in Britain itself.
The welfare programs had a drastic drop in recipients between 1996 and 2004 by 9 million cases, the “Welfare Revolution” (Cancian). During this time, millions had entered the labor market and began to learn how to benefit from federal aid programs (Cancian). In the 1990’s welfare gained much criticism because the recipients had felt that being on welfare was much more beneficial than being a part of the work force. Welfare income was exceeding the amount of income from the labor market and this was causing quite an issue. Women were choosing not to work in order to receive more welfare benefits long term (Cancian).